The Journal of Humanities is a semi-annual journal established in 1990 and is one of the first scientific journals in the country. The Journal of Humanities publishes original scientific articles in three languages: Arabic, French, and English, with the aim of encouraging scientific research and promoting the output of researchers at our university, and creating a space for the exchange of ideas and scientific expertise with other national and foreign institutions. To ensure the journal's acceptable quality, all articles are reviewed by a reading committee.
Symbols and Connotations in The Art of Islamic Architecture
The art of Islamic architecture is distinctive and unique in nature because it uses the language of symbols and suggestions as a means of expressing the abstraction of the form, the hint of meaning and the remoteness of the statement, due to specific religious and ideological reasons, and the inheritance of this symbolic thought across various time hurdles to this day. So through this study we will try to identify these symbols and reveal their connotations and interpret them by linking them with Islamic thought.
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New legislative provisions in the context of responding to the reality of start-ups in Algeria
The Algerian legislator established a set of legislative provisions with the aim of establishing a suitable environment for start-ups. in this study, we wanted to ask about the most important of these legislative provisions and their importance in supporting start-ups. In this context, the legislator established the system of paticipatory financing as a new form of financing and the system of venture capital companies. This is in addition to setting special provisions in the public procurement law and in commercial law,In addition to regulating new professions within banking law. Through this study, we have determined that there is a real will to support these institutions. However, continuing efforts in this framwork and activating these legislative provisions in practical reality remains a necessary matter to achieve the desired economic goal.
International legal protection of children from the crime of abduction
The crime of abducting children from old crimes has escalated and has spread significantly in recent times. And that is whey it has been classified as one of the most important crimes against children and the most serious of all, especially because it has become linked to organized crime, to protect children from them, States have strengthened and intensified their efforts at the international level to combat and address them by concluding and establishing numerous international conventions and protocols, all of which call for the protection of children and the preservation of their rights. It stipulates a number of legal principles and rules by which the child is accorded the utmost care for his or her rights and combating the various crimes against him or her, in particular the crime of abduction.
Evaluating the performance of employees in Algerian institutions
Through this study, we aim to identify the employee performance evaluation system applied in the Algerian institution, analyze this system, identify its strengths and weaknesses, understand its components, and how to benefit from its application in order to maximize its gains for the institution and employees. It was concluded through this study that institutions evaluate the performance of employees using a set of standards and methods in order to correct the course of the institution and achieve continuity and growth for it by adapting to internal and external conditions and developing the individual competencies and capabilities of its employees.
Contributions of digital transformation as a strategic direction in improving the quality of Algerian university services
In light of the dominance of modern technology and smart technology, digital transformation has become a strategic direction and an imperative necessity for countries and their governments seeking to develop their institutions and improve their services. This research paper attempts to shed light on the contributions of digital transformation to improving the quality of public services at Algerian universities through the innovation and development of digital public services aimed at improving the student experience, professor efficiency and employee performance and elevating Algerian universities to the ranks of international universities. To accomplish this study, a descriptive analytical approach was followed when addressing the theoretical framework of digital transformation, strategic direction, digital public services and then the challenges facing Algerian universities. The study concluded that digital transformation is the main pillar for improving the quality of Algerian university services and making higher education more comprehensive and innovative to support academic and research progress in a sustainable manner.
Algorithmic prediction of commercial contracts concluded within the framework of commercial companies
This research paper aims to theorize the proposed technical approach based on AI algorithms it is called APRECON "the technique of algorithmic prediction in commercial contracts", and the generality of adopting the technique was allocated in the study to commercial companies, thus the gist of this technique is the prediction of international commercial contracts and the subsequent proposals suitable for commercial companies qualified to contract with them within the framework of each type of the predicted contract. The study conducted that this technique is appropriate to adopt due to the economic effects it achieves, and the possibility of being subject to restrictions in the light of current absence of legislation that would regulate the work of smart predictive algorithm, in addition to the legitimacy of adopting it according to the Islamic jurisprudence and the necessity of taking in account a set of jurisprudential controls.
Hybrid teaching at the Algerian University
In this contribution, we discuss hybrid teaching in Algerian higher education institutions. This mode, imposed by the Covid- 19 pandemic, is implemented to protect teaching staff and students from contamination and to validate the academic year. The shift from traditional teaching, which consists of exclusively delivering lectures and tutorials in person, to hybrid teaching, which results from « a combination of learning activities offered in person, in real times, and remotely, in synchronous and asynchronous times » (ENDRIZZI, L. 2012 : 14), was not a sinecure at it poses problems for both teachers and students. Regarding the adopted methodology,we conducted a survey within the Department of Letters and French Language, at the Frères MENTOURI- Constantine 1 University. Starting from the idea that the questionnaire is the basic tool of the survey, we relied on two questionnaires, the first is intended for our French colleagues, the second is addressed to second- year Master’s students, option Language Sciences. The responses from our informants allowed us to confirm two hypotheses, the first is related to the difficulties that the disance teaching mode poses to teachers, the second concerns the problems that students face.
Research Trends on Intellectual Property And Contribution of Arab Countries
Papers indexed in the Scopus database from 1993 to 2022 was used for scientometric analysis on intellectual property, revealing the quantitative distribution by year, language and type of publication of 4489 documents; Also the contribution of Arab countries has been studied, the analysis of the collaboration of Arab authors and the analysis of the co-occurrence of keywords are analyzed via the VOSviewer software. The results show that intellectual property publications have experienced sustained growth through 2011 and fluctuations from 2012 to 2022; that the USA, UK and China are the most active countries; the contribution of the Arab countries is very minimal (2%) compared to the world production, Egypt, the Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia are the best ranked.
Innovation in Curriculum Design and Assessment
The researchers conducted a study on the impact of using technology in curriculum design and assessment on student performance in high schools in the city of Setif for the academic year (2023/2024). They selected a sample of 200 high school students and divided them into two groups: a group that uses technology in education and a group that relies on traditional methods. After collecting and analyzing the data, the results of the study concluded that using technology in curriculum design and assessment has a positive impact on student performance in high schools in the city of Setif.
Watching social media and its impact on children’s family communication
The current study aims to reveal the impact of watching social media on children’s family communication, as a field study in the city of Ain El Melh, where the study sample consisted of 30 families of children who were chosen randomly. Based on that, we are trying through this study to answer the following general question: - To what extent does watching social media affect children’s family communication? Which includes the following sub-questions: - To what extent does social media time affect children’s family communication? - To what extent does frequent viewing of social media affect children’s family communication? - To what extent does the absence of parental control over the quality of programs viewed affect children’s family communication?
Gender diversity within businesses presents both challenges and opportunities in skills management. While ensuring equitable representation, diverse teams offer varied perspectives, fostering innovation and problem-solving. Managing skills amidst this diversity involves recognizing biases, implementing inclusive policies, and providing equal growth opportunities. Effective skills management enhances productivity, engagement, and organizational performance. By embracing diversity, companies cultivate a more inclusive work culture and gain a competitive edge.
Technology acceptance model to analyze factors influencing intention to use bitcoin in Algerian context
The purpose of this paper is firstly to support the adaptability of technology acceptance model in Algerian context and secondly to explore drivers of behavioral intention to adopt bitcoin. A framework based on TAM was proposed in order to explore intention to use bitcoin. The sample collected combines students from Constantine 2 compus and Constantine adherents of Algerian bitcoins’ forum, for data analysis structural equation modeling approach was established via Amos 24 software. The findings show that construct was good model fit and can be applied to explain theory since the model was confirmed. Results indicate that intention to use bitcoin by Algerian user is mostly influenced by subjective norm contrarily to government regulation that shows a non-negative and a non-significant effect, intention is impacted by attitude which is affected positively by perceived usefulness and perceived ease to use, and negatively by compatibility. study gives better understanding for practitioners and researchers in practical way the importance level of several influencing factors studied that need to be considered for individual aging category 20-30 having knowledge about crypto-currencies in Algerian context.
Governance and Its Role in Reducing Corruption in Commercial Companies
Adopting corporate governance is an important requirement as a mechanism to reduce corruption affecting commercial companies, as the advancement of the business sector necessarily requires the effective implementation of accountability, transparency, justice, and equality. The adoption of governance ensures the regulation of corporate crimes through internal and external oversight. Undoubtedly, the adoption of governance protects the rights and interests of minorities in commercial companies from the tyranny of the majority, all to achieve the objectives for which the company as a legal entity was established.
Anticipating the future of digital transformation in Algeria
Digital transformation is one of the basic pillars in the management of the global economy, and it means obtaining information, processing it and transforming it into knowledge capable of creating added value. Through this article, we aim to anticipate the future of digital transformation in Algeria and the most important driving forces for it. We relied on the forward-looking analytical approach when studying future scenarios for digital transformation in Algeria, as the study concluded that Algeria’s performance in the field of digital transformation remains modest, and is dependent on both infrastructure. Digital, human capital, innovation, knowledge and technology, finance, digital security, and the Internet. The study recommends the need to establish an appropriate ground at the national level for digital transformation, whether it is related to the legal aspect, the human aspect and the material and financial capabilities.
African American Muslims under Barack Obama’s Post-black Politics
The election of Barack Obama was an unprecedented event that triggered scholarly research and excited cultural and racial critics about the factors that contributed to the election of an African American president. “Post-blackness” is a philosophy that intends to explain the complexities of Obama’s personality as well as signals the end of traditional blackness in favor of a more fluid and boundless black identity that Obama personifies. This identity relies on multilingualism that rejects black authenticity and rejects historical ties to the cultural trauma that held back the African American community. This article offers a qualitative analysis of Barack Obama’s Post-black politics which were characterized by deracialization, neutrality and inclusivity but did not achieve the expected impact on the Muslim African American community. Moreover, Obama’s attitude towards Islam in America did not reflect a Post-black policy of racial justice; rather, it held the position of the previous administration, both in terms of domestic and foreign affairs. Obama’s Post-black aesthetic did not impact his political agenda, which led to the general deception of both Sunni and unorthodox Black American Muslims.
The problems of proving the status of the possessor according to the possession certificate
Possession is a factual condition that is difficult to prove, especially since written evidence is not required for its proof. Therefore, the possession certificate was introduced as a means to accelerate the process of land organization. It serves as a legal possession document on which the holder relies to prove their status and to use possession as a means to acquire ownership. The certificate produces its legal effect and does not require other evidence to prove its validity, placing the holder in a privileged legal position. However, the certificate only confirms the possession of its holder at the date of its issuance. Possession may be interrupted, or the certificate may be revoked, especially since it remains subject to cancellation without a specific time limit. This raises issues concerning the legal effects that the possession certificate may have established, such as the possibility of obtaining a building permit or arranging a mortgage. Thus, legislative intervention is required to address the imbalances in the real estate system.
The controls of the Human Organs Removal and Transplantation Under the Algerian Health Code
The world has achieved a significant progress in medicine, due to the enormous scientific discoveries , so that enable to save many patients' lives , and rid them of their pains ; notably after the success of the organ removal and transplantation . and it was incumbent to annex this progress with some updated legal provisions, to frame and control this process, so as not depart from its framework and noble purposes, and even be reconcile between the interests of the donor's in maintaining the safety and dignity of his body , and the recipient patient in benefiting and utilizing the donated organ, And that's what the Algerian legislator tried to embody in the Algerian Health Law N° 18 -11.
This research article deals with the topic of ransomware attacks that have recorded a significant increase during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the large technology and digital services companies allowing their employees to work from home using their personal computers and enabling them to use passwords to access internal networks to complete the tasks assigned to them, where the negligence of some employees enabled hackers and intruders to use malicious software to penetrate networks and access companies' data and successfully encrypt them and then demand a ransom later. This study allows for a close look at the most important details of launching ransomware attacks, and the methods used to collect criminal money, then addressing the European Union's guidelines for law enforcement agencies (judges, investigators) in investigating and investigating ransomware attacks to identify the attackers and ensure their prosecution, by presenting a guide in late 2022.
Countries have known litigation procedures since ancient times, but in a narrow way, as the Pharaohs knew it first, and it was known in the Greek and Roman eras, when litigation procedures before the reconciliation court were simple and quick, and special courts, made up of people other than ordinary judges, were established to look into certain crimes, such as crimes committed in markets and public roads, as the Middle Ages knew that criminal procedures were brief to achieve speed, however, without prioritizing the protection of individual freedom. The primary objective of streamlining criminal procedures is to tackle
Scope of legal liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence machines
The legal liability of AI machines explores the ways of developing and deploying AI from a legal perspective. Using AI in a safe, reliable and ethical manner would bring transparency and help resolve many legal issues. The problem lies in determining the scope of legal liability for damages caused by AI machines; by adopting an analytical and descriptive approach, to enable the legislator to create a legal framework to address the challenges arising from the use of AI. In this paper, we discuss the nature of AI and its components in the first section, and the legal liability arising from the actions of AI in the second section. Let us conclude that a robot is nothing without programs. Recognizing the legal personality of a robot could have serious consequences. Traditional liability provisions are not sufficient with the emergence of new generations of AI capable of thinking, learning and making decisions independently.
President Obama’s Approach to Democracy Promotion in the MENA Region
This article examines former U.S. President Barack Obama’s approach to promoting democracy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region amid critiques and strategic shifts. It highlights his initial "Three Ds" strategy, standing for diplomacy, development, and defense, which excluded democracy as a direct focus, marking a departure from his predecessor’s Freedom Agenda. Central to this shift was President Obama’s 2009 Cairo speech, proposing a "New Beginning" with Muslim-majority nations and adopting softer rhetoric on democracy. However, the Arab uprisings challenged this strategy, leading to nuanced responses across Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Bahrain, and Yemen. The article also explores the post-Arab Spring period, where declining democracy funding raised questions about the administration’s priorities and commitment to democratic ideals in the region.
New Public Management and Hospital Performance in Algeria
Algerian public administration, long paralyzed by rigid and bureaucratic structures, has undertaken several reforms to modernize and play a leading role in the country's growth and prosperity. Inspired by New Public Management, a management method that emerged in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, these reforms aim to improve the efficiency of public action and redefine the role of the citizen. Despite the extension of these reforms to the hospital sector, the application of NPM at the Benbadis University Hospital Center in Constantine has not led to an improvement in the quality of care. To identify the causes of this failure, two semi-structured interviews were conducted in March 2024 with administrative officials and medical and paramedical staff of the emergency department. The study reveals that the implementation of NPM principles remained theoretical, preventing a true improvement in hospital services.
Metaverse technology represents a paradoxical concept, both mysterious and divided within itself, as it simultaneously suggests reality and non-reality, truth and falsehood. It merges real life with virtual and augmented reality, creating a significant impact across social, economic, technological, and even legal domains. Given that the law is one of these affected areas, it necessitates a pragmatic and realistic integration of all technological data under a thorough legal framework. Despite the difficulties and their impact on the structure and content of the legislation, this research paper aims to address the Metaverse from a legal perspective, specifically focusing on criminal law.
Mechanisms of administrative empowerment and its impact on enhancing job immersion
The study aimed to analyse the impact of administrative empowerment on functional immersion in the civil protection frameworks of Constantine's mandate, by examining the impact of delegation, training, motivation and task forces on functional immersion, preliminary data was collected through the distribution of a questionnaire to 132 civil defence frameworks (Civil Protection) of Constantine's mandate, which included the Main Directorate, a Main Unit and two secondary units data from the human area in question were analysed through a variety of statistical processes such as descriptive analysis, Pearson coefficient, simple and multiple linear regression and variability analysis. With the statistical package SPSS issue 23, the results of the study demonstrated a positive impact of empowerment mechanisms' reliance on identification at work and concurrent regression and relationships analysis results excluded the impact of job immersion training, The study recommended the need to strengthen proactive behaviour, value initiatives, improve incentive and remuneration systems, intensify training in digitization and improve technological assets.
Legal Safeguards Against Online Child Sexual Exploitation
The rapid advancement of technology has given rise to the alarming phenomenon of child sexual exploitation online, posing a significant threat to the mental and physical well-being of minors. This situation underscores the urgent need for robust protective measures for children at risk of encountering the pervasive pornographic materials available on the internet, which not only violate moral standards but also represent a profound breach of public decency within society. In light of these challenges, it is imperative to tackle these emerging crimes by enacting laws that criminalize such activities. However, this objective is complicated by the legal intricacies involved in enforcing legislation aimed at combating juvenile sex trafficking. Therefore, to effectively confront this pressing issue, it is essential to strengthen and intensify both national and international initiatives that align with the principles of prevention, control, and public awareness.
Investigating Algerian University EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions Regarding the Use and Impact of Digital Devices on Speaking Proficiency
This study explores the impact of digital devices on speaking skill and their integration into language learning. Findings show that freshmen rely heavily on smartphones, the internet, computers, and tablets for academic purposes. A questionnaire was conducted with 65 first-year English students at Abou EL Kacem Saâdallah, Algiers 2 University, followed by interviews with ten university teachers. The study highlights technology’s crucial role in academic success, enhancing speaking skills, proficiency, and pronunciation. Teachers confirm frequent student use of language learning apps, social media, and video platforms, with smartphones as the primary tool. They acknowledge benefits such as exposure to native speakers and vocabulary-rich content but emphasize student engagement. While digital tools significantly improve speaking skills, their impact on writing and listening is less evident. Both students and teachers recognize technology’s positive influence on language learning, particularly in developing speaking abilities.
Exploring EFL Teacher Trainers' Perceptions on the Practicum
Practicums are considered to be essential in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pre-service teacher training programs, allowing emerging teachers to use and practice their newly gained pedagogical knowledge. This study investigates the perceptions of EFL teachers at Ecole Normale Superieure de Constantine (ENSC) and Ecole Normale Superieure de Bouzareah (ENSB) on their trainees’ practicum experience as well as the current state of the pre-service teacher training practicum in EFL education. Furthermore, it examines how these teachers perceive the practicum's role in enhancing their trainees' pedagogical knowledge and teaching abilities and seeks to identify the challenges trainees encounter throughout their practicum experience. Further, it collects recommendations from these teachers on potential improvements to optimize the training program for future cohorts. To achieve the aforementioned objectives, an online survey was conducted with a purposive sample of eight ENSC and five ENSB teachers, uncovering a range of insights regarding the practicum. While some educators embrace the current practicum, others report some limitations that need to be taken into account. Their valuable insights underscore the potential impact that a wider contribution from the teaching community could have. Given all that, the findings reveal that while the practicum is valuable for trainees, there are several areas for potential improvement. This highlights the necessity for Algerian practicums to be revised and updated, so as to bridge the gap between theory and practice and reassure a successful teaching experience that meets learners’ needs.
Evaluating Executive Functions: Planning Strategies in Students with Dyscalculia
This study aims to evaluate a fundamental executive function, specifically the planning strategy, in third-grade primary students diagnosed with dyscalculia. Utilizing a case study approach, a deliberately chosen sample of five (5) students, ages 8 to 9 and identified with dyscalculia, was analyzed. For hypothesis validation, diagnostic subtests from the Zareki R battery and the complex Figure de Rey test were employed. The outcomes revealed the presence of significant planning strategy disorders among the dyscalculic students. In light of these findings, it is recommended that further research be conducted to explore executive functions, particularly the planning strategy, within dyscalculic student populations to enhance their academic resilience and address the educational challenges posed by dyscalculia.
Electronic arbitration mechanism in settling e-commerce disputes
In the face of the judiciary's inability to keep pace with the electronic revolution and to provide swift means for resolving e-commerce disputes, the need has become urgent to search for more successful ways to resolve disputes and disagreements between contracting parties while simultaneously adhering to the requirements of e-commerce, which are based on speed. As a result of these efforts, electronic arbitration has emerged. Arbitration stands as an exceptional pathway for dispute resolution, stemming from mutual agreement and diverging from conventional litigation methods. Its purpose lies in resolving disputes by reaching a verdict issued by an arbitration panel, which holds comparable validity to a court ruling.
Differences in the orientation towards helping others among university students in light of the gender variable
The study investigated the differences in the orientation towards helping others among university students in Algeria, focusing on gender as a variable. Utilizing a descriptive method and a scale developed by Shaaban and Al-Shawareb, the researcher analyzed responses from 205 students during the first semester of the 2024-2025 academic year which was determined by the facilitated method The findings revealed that the Algerian university students in the study sample have a high level of orientation towards helping others, where the dimension of empathy came first, followed by the dimension of helping in life situations and then after helping in situations of danger while no significant gender differences were found in their helping orientation.