العقد الذكي

العقد الذكي

المؤلفون

  • بوعندل وائل المؤلف

الكلمات المفتاحية:

التشفير الثنائي ; لامركزية ; الند إلى الند ; العقد الذكي ; سلسلة الكتل

الملخص

تقدم هذه الورقة البحثية رؤية تعريفية لتقنية العقود الذكية وتفاعلها مع منصات سلسلة الكتل من أجل القيام بمعاملات مبنية على رابطة تعاقدية، حيث تتميز هذه العقود بالموثوقية وأليات تشفيرية عالية تحاكي تقنية سلسلة الكتل من أجل الحفاظ على البيانات ومشاركتها على أساس تصور لامركزي ونظام النظير إلى النظير. توصلت هذه الورقة البحثية لعدة نتائج مفادها قابلية تطبيق تقنيات العقود الذكية على المعاملات الكلاسيكية وإمكانية خلق وسط موثوق دون الحاجة لطرف ثالث وإمكانية محاكاة القانون لتكنولوجيا.

المراجع

قائمة المراجع:

الكتب:

1_Caria, Riccardo de. “Definitions of Smart Contracts: Between Law and Code.”

The Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts, Blockchain Technology and Digital

Platforms, edited by Larry A. DiMatteo et al., Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, 2019, pp.19- 36. available on: https://2u.pw/6KFFlDT , accessed

31/12/2023, on the clock:20:40.

0_Durovic, Mateja, and André Janssen. “Formation of Smart Contracts under

Contract Law.” Chapter. In The Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts,

Blockchain Technology and Digital Platforms, edited by Larry A. DiMatteo,

Michel Cannarsa, and Cristina Poncibò, Cambridge Law Handbooks. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 2019, p.61. available on: https://2u.pw/fK70QEN ,

accessed 41/01/2024, on the clock:20:11.

المقاالت:

-1المقاالت بالغة العربية:

0_العياشق ال ادق فداد، العقود اللمية، جملة المبالم لاللت اد اإلسالمق، م ف المبالم اجلازار ، جملد،4 عدد،0 ،0404 متوف

على املول : 43ydjhD/pw.u://2https مت االطالع عليه بتاريخ 0400/43/03 على المباعة .00:00

0 _جماجق سعاد،فك ة العقود اللمية مأحد هم تطبيقات البلوع تشني،جملة البؤو القانونية ساإللت ادية،جملد،6عدد،0 ،0403

متوف على املول : PmFXVbnB/pw.u://2https مت االطالع عليه بتاريخ 0400/43/00 على المباعة .44:32

العقد الذكي / وائل بوعندل

المجلد 90 / العـــدد: 90 )0902(

97

3_ عشدددددي جياليل،لاشددددددق عدددددالل ، النظددددددام القدددددانوين للعقددددددد اإللكدددددرت سين يف التشدددددد ي اجلازاردددددد ي ، جملددددددة ال كددددد القددددددانوين

سالمبياسدددق،جملد،6عددددد،0 ،0400 متدددوف علدددى املولددد : cNyFDLdq/pw.u://2https مت االطدددالع عليددده بتددداريخ

0400/43/03 على المباعة .40:01

0_شديط حممد بوزيددي، إدمداج العقدود اللميدة يف منظومدة العقدد التقليديدة، حقيقدة م جمد د افرتاض؟،جملدة البؤدو يف العقدود سلدانون

األعمدال، جامعدة لمبدنطينة، جملدد،1 عددد،0400،0 متدوف علدى املولد : jPxXLWnU/pw.u://2https مت االطدالع

عليه بتاريخ 0400/43/00 على المباعة .00:00

-0المقاالت بالغة األجنبية:

1_A.Anish , M. Ashwiny Selshiya and S. Immaculate Shyla, A Review on the

Types and Components of Blockchain Technology, International Journal of

Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 1, 2021,p.40, available on: https://2u.pw/BpFIP7t , accessed

02/01/2024, on the clock:15:23.

2_Durovic, Mateja and Janssen, Andre, The Formation of Smart Contracts and

Beyond: Shaking the Fundamentals of Contract Law?, the European Review of

Private Law (ERPL),2018,pp.10-11 available on: https://2u.pw/OyWgeOU ,

accessed 01/01/2023, on the clock: 20:58.

3_Gans, Joshua S, The Fine Print in Smart Contracts, Working Paper, 25443.

National Bureau of Economic Research, 2019, pp.5-6, available on:

https://2u.pw/CUnljFx , accessed 01/01/2023, on the clock: 04:44.

4_Sarode, Rashmi and Poudel, Manoj and Shrestha, Shashank and Bhalla, Subhash,

Blockchain for committing peer-to-peer transactions using distributed ledger

technologies, International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering,

volume24, 2021, p.4. available on: https://2u.pw/ZWPjqfj , accessed 01/01/2024,

on the clock:19: 45.

أعمال ملتقى أو مؤتمر:

1_Appel, Ian and Grennan, Jillian, Control of Decentralized Autonomous

Organizations, SSRN,University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business,

Institue for Business and Social Impact,2023,pp.1-3. Available at SSRN:

https://ssrn.com/abstract=4322917 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4322917

العقد الذكي / وائل بوعندل

المجلد 90 / العـــدد: 90 )0902(

98

0_Tyagi, Shobha and Gogireddy, Chennakesava and Varikuppala, Chandu and

Nalabothu, Koteswararao, Study of smart contracts (March 3, 2023). Proceedings of

the International Conference on Innovative Computing & Communication

(ICICC) 2022, p.4. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4376852 or

http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4376852

الوثائق القانونية:

-1القوانين باللغة العربية:

0_ األمدد رلددم ،12-11 املددمر ،0211/42/06 املت:ددم القددانون املدددين، ج. ر العدددد،12 املددمر ،0211/42/34 معدددل

سمتمم.

0_ القدددددانون ،41-02 املدددددمر ،0402/41/04 املت:دددددم لدددددانون التجدددددارة اإللكرتسنيدددددة، ج. ر العددددددد رلدددددم ،02 املدددددمر

.0402/1/06

-0القوانين باللغة األجنبية:

1_Section 205 ILCS 730/10 - Permitted use of blockchain:" (a) A smart contract,

record, or signature may not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because a

blockchain was used to create, store, or verify the smart contract, record, or

signature.(b) In a proceeding, evidence of a smart contract, record, or signature

must not be excluded solely because a blockchain was used to create, store, or verify

the smart contract, record, or signature.(c) If a law requires a record to be in

writing, submission of a blockchain which electronically contains the record satisfies

the law.(d) If a law requires a signature, submission of a blockchain which

electronically contains the signature or verifies the intent of a person to provide the

signature satisfies the law. , available on: https://2u.pw/kytqamP, accessed

03/01/2024, on the clock:20:20.

0_Section 205 ILCS 730/15 - Limitations to the use of blockchain:" (a) If parties

have agreed to conduct a transaction by use of a blockchain and a law requires that a

contract or other record relating to the transaction be in writing, the legal effect,

validity, or enforceability of the contract or other record may be denied if the

blockchain containing an electronic record of the transaction is not in a form that is

capable of being retained and accurately reproduced for later reference by all parties

or other persons who are entitled to retain the contract or other record...". available

on: https://2h.ae/AKxt , accessed 03/01/2024, on the clock:23:21.

العقد الذكي / وائل بوعندل

المجلد 90 / العـــدد: 90 )0902(

99

3_Section 205 ILCS 730/15 - Limitations to the use of blockchain:" …(b) Except as

otherwise provided in subsection (f), if a law other than this Act requires a record to

be posted or displayed in a certain manner, to be sent, communicated, or

transmitted by a specified method, or to contain information that is formatted in a

certain matter, the use of a blockchain to post, display, send, communicate,

transmit, or store such a record does not satisfy the requirement of the other law....".

available on: https://2h.ae/AKxt , accessed 03/01/2024, on the clock:23:21.

0_Section 205 ILCS 730/15 - Limitations to the use of blockchain:" … (c) If a

person inhibits the ability of another person to store or retrieve information

contained in a blockchain, such information is not enforceable by the person who

inhibited the storage or retrieval... ". available on: https://2h.ae/AKxt, accessed

03/01/2024, on the clock:23:21.

5_Section 205 ILCS 730/15 - Limitations to the use of blockchain:" … (d)

Regardless of whether a smart contract was used to establish the relationship

between the parties to an agreement, a requirement that a notice or an

acknowledgment or other response to a notice be in writing is not satisfied by

providing or delivering the notice or recording an acknowledgment or other

response to the notice by the use of a

blockchain if the notice is a notice of:(1) the cancellation or termination of service

by a public utility;(2) default, acceleration, repossession, foreclosure, or eviction, or

the right to cure, under a credit agreement secured by or a rental agreement for, a

primary residence of a natural person;(3) the cancellation or termination of a policy

of health insurance, benefits received under a policy of health insurance, or benefits

received under a policy of life insurance, excluding annuities; or(4) the recall of a

product, or material failure of a product, that risks endangering the health or safety

of a person.... ". available on: https://2h.ae/AKxt , accessed 03/01/2024, on the

clock:23:53.

6_Section 205 ILCS 730/20 - Local government restrictions:" (a) A unit of local

government shall not:(1) impose any tax or fee on the use of a blockchain or smart

contract by any person or entity;(2) require any person or entity to obtain from the

unit of local government any certificate, license, or permit to use a blockchain or

العقد الذكي / وائل بوعندل

المجلد 90 / العـــدد: 90 )0902(

100

smart contract; or(3) impose any other requirement relating to the use of a

blockchain or smart contract by any person or entity.(b) Nothing in this Section

prohibits a unit of local government from using a blockchain or smart contract in

the performance of its powers or duties in a manner not inconsistent with the

provisions of this Act." available on: https://2h.ae/jgOS, accessed 04/01/2024, on the

clock:00:16.

7_Section 205 ILCS 730/5 – Definitions, Act 730 - BLOCKCHAIN

TECHNOLOGY ACT:"... "Smart contract" means a contract stored as an

electronic record which is verified by the use of a blockchain." available on:

https://2u.pw/XXSpbdi , accessed 01/01/2024, on the clock:21:07.

8_Section 205 ILCS 730/5 – Definitions, Act 730 - BLOCKCHAIN

TECHNOLOGY ACT:"... "Blockchain: means an electronic record created by the

use of a decentralized method by multiple parties to verify and store a digital record

of transactions which is secured by the use of a cryptographic hash of previous

transaction information..." available on: https://2u.pw/XXSpbdi, accessed

02/01/2024, on the clock: 14:07.

المواقع اإللكترونية:

-1مواقع باللغة العربية:

د.ع، الدددددلماء االصدددددطناعق ال مدددددازي، متدددددوف علدددددى املولددددد : m26rRZje/pw.u://2https مت االطدددددالع عليددددده بتددددداريخ

0400/43/00 على المباعة .00:00

-0مواقع باللغة األجنبية:

1_Anjan Shyama, Public vs Private vs Consortium Blockchain | Types of

Blockchain, available on: https://2u.pw/opeV4fi, accessed 02/01/2024, on the

clock:15:23.

2_Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain, AI, SMART CONTRACTS and

BLOCKCHAIN combined - changing the world, available on:

https://2u.pw/YrHxKlme, accessed 24/03/2024, on the clock:02:15.

3_Bercy, Qu'est-ce qu'une chaîne de blocs (blockchain) ?, available on:

https://2u.pw/OixS9gG , accessed 02/01/2024, on the clock:14:42.

4_BIRD&BIRD, Smart contracts, available on: https://2u.pw/dOKPyjt , accessed

31/12/2023, on the clock:21:07.

العقد الذكي / وائل بوعندل

المجلد 90 / العـــدد: 90 )0902(

101

1_Block Explorer, smart Contract Tutorial | Create a Safe Remote Purchase

Ethereum Smart Contract with, available on: https://2h.ae/qGgb, accessed

24/03/2024, on the clock: 11:14.

6_Chiradeep BasuMallick, What Are Smart Contracts? Types, Benefits, and Tools,

available on: https://2u.pw/slzvwmL , accessed 01/01/2023, on the clock: 15:18.

0_Christine Campbell, What are the 4 different types of blockchain technology?,

available on: https://2u.pw/gsaCDzS , accessed 02/01/2024, on the clock: 18:09.

2_Corwin Smith, INTRODUCTION TO SMART CONTRACTS, available

on: https://2u.pw/DlueAPu, accessed 31/12/2023, on the clock:21:29.

2_GeeksforGeeks, Cryptography in Blockchain. available on:

https://2u.pw/cmCBNwI, accessed 02/01/2024, on the clock:20:04.

04_Jennifer Herrity, What Is a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network? (With Examples),

available on: https://2u.pw/6wdWxu1, accessed 02/01/2024, on the clock:19:20.

11_krishnaik, AI VS ML VS DL VS Data Science, available on: https://2h.ae/VEwt,

accessed 24/03/2024, on the clock:02:25.

00_Lyle Daly, What Are Smart Contracts?, available on: https://2u.pw/RQ1ayvw,

accessed 02/01/2024, on the clock:13:07.

03_Manasa Ramakrishnan, How Do Smart Contracts Work? What are Their Best

Examples?, available on: https://2u.pw/WCUuU0u, accessed 01/01/2024, on the

clock:15:24.

14_Navin Reddy, Smart Contract | Ethereum | Blockchain, available on:

https://2u.pw/9A7KXWTa, accessed 23/03/2024, on the clock:01:34.

01 _Nick Szabo, Smart Contracts, available on: https://2u.pw/8zam1BF, accessed

31/12/2023, on the clock:20:20.

06_Nick Szabo, Smart Contracts, available on: https://2u.pw/8zam1BF, accessed

22/03/2024, on the clock:23:51.

01_Ravikiran A S, All You Need to Know About Asymmetric Encryption,

available on: https://2u.pw/OcnEZrv, accessed 31/12/2023, on the clock:20:20.

02_Simplilearn, What is A Smart Contract? | Smart Contracts Tutorial | Smart

Contracts in Blockchain|, available on: https://2u.pw/6iJdUzU, accessed

24/03/2024, on the clock:10:53.

منشور

2026-05-11