Journal of Research in Contracts and Business Law
Journal title: Journal of Research in Contracts and Business Law Abbreviation: JRCB Frequency: Bi-annual journal (June, December) Publisher:The Contracts and Business Law Laboratory , University of Constantine1, Algeria Print ISSN: 392-2543X Online ISSN: 2716-8913 Date of the journal’s foundation: from 2016 Languages: Arabic, English, French Access Type: Fully Open Access Journal License applied to content: The journal publishes content under the Creative Commons Attribution–Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. ANNOUNCEMENTS The journal accepts research from various universities, institutes, and research centers from outside Algeria within the journal's publication fields, especially research in English.
Scope and Limits of Applying the BOT Contract in Port Infrastructure Projects in Algeri
This research examines the scope and limits of applying the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contract in port infrastructure projects in Algeria, particularly in the field of public port property governed by the principles of inalienability, non-prescription, and immunity from seizure. The study shows that Algerian legislation has mainly adopted the concession system rather than the full BOT model, due to the absence of the construction and private financing elements in current port agreements. It also demonstrates that the lack of a specific legal framework for port partnerships and the absence of an effective port authority create issues related to competence, oversight, and investor responsibility, which requires clearer legislative intervention to ensure both the protection of public property and the efficiency of management and investmen
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Protecting investor rights in the post-concession phase: A look at the role of the Algerian Investment Promotion Agency
This study examines the legal protection of investors’ rights in the post-concession phase, through an analysis of the legislative framework established by the Algerian Investment Law No. 18/22, and an assessment of the substantive and procedural safeguards granted during the implementation of investment projects. Particular emphasis is placed on the newly established role of the Algerian Investment Promotion Agency as a central institutional actor entrusted with accompanying investors, monitoring the fulfilment of their obligations, addressing administrative obstacles, and preventing investment-related disputes. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted legal and institutional framework in ensuring * املؤلف املراسل. محاية حقوق املستثمر يف مرحلة ما بعد منح االمتياز:كالة اجلزائرية لرتقية االستثمارقراءة يف دور الو/حممودي مساح، مدور رفيق اجمللد11/العـــدد:01(2026) 692 genuine and sustainable protection for investors, extending beyond the theoretical scope of statutory provisions to their practical application. The study concludes that the Algerian legislator has adopted an integrated approach linking substantive legal guarantees—such as legislative stability, freedom of capital and profit transfers, and protection of investment property—with procedural safeguards, including the simplification and digitalization of administrative procedures and the availability of review and appeal mechanisms. Within this framework, a pivotal role is assigned to the Algerian Investment Promotion Agency in strengthening legal certainty and preventing disputes before their escalation. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this system remains contingent upon effective coordination among the relevant authorities, continuous modernization of administrative mechanisms, and the consolidation of an institutional culture of investor support, thereby enhancing investor confidence and promoting a stable investment climate. This study examines the legal protection of investors’ rights in the post-concession phase, through an analysis of the legislative framework established by the Algerian Investment Law No. 18/22, and an assessment of the substantive and procedural safeguards granted during the implementation of investment projects. Particular emphasis is placed on the newly established role of the Algerian Investment Promotion Agency as a central institutional actor entrusted with accompanying investors, monitoring the fulfilment of their obligations, addressing administrative obstacles, and preventing investment-related disputes. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted legal and institutional framework in ensuring
The Role of Regional Groups in Promoting the Policy of Combating Illegal Speculation: A Reading of the Provisions of Law 21-15
Abstract : Illegal speculation is considered one of the most dangerous criminal phenomena that has recently surfaced, negatively affecting the national economy in general and the consumer's purchasing power in particular. This deterioration prompted efforts by those responsible for the state's economic policy to restore a certain balance in the relationship between consumers and various market actors. In this regard, Law 21-15, concerning the fight against illegal speculation, was established as a foundational step in laying the groundwork for protecting the various components of the state's economic system, strengthened by the role of regional authorities. These authorities, as part of general administrative oversight, are responsible for regulating the market and protecting public order at the local level due to their privileged position in relation to the occurrence of violations and infringements. This research paper will attempt to explore the means and limits of the intervention of these authorities Keywords: Administrative control, regional groups, market, illegal speculation, public order
The concept of the digital consumer and international standard of their contracts in the virtual environnement
The means used in digital contracting, represented by modern technology in the world of the Internet, are what impose the necessity of establishing additional and specific protection for the digital consumer, considering that the latter is the weaker party in this type of contract. Moreover, the use of this technology has increased the extent of contractual imbalance that emerged with the advent of digital consumer contracts, which have raised several legal issues related to their international nature. These issues revolve around the international character of the contract, the basis of this character, and the criterion that can be relied upon to consider the contractual relationship as international. This study aims to clarify the system that governs the internationalization of consumer transactions within the scope of digital commerce, by identifying the appropriate criterion for an international contract involving a foreign element, after first defining the concept of the digital consumer, which constitutes the foundation of the consumer
Recent Developments in the Protection of Personal Data under Law
ا. In response to the rapid pace of digital transformation and the growing risks associated with data processing and the expansion of its scope, the Algerian legislator amended Law 18/07 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by enacting Law 25/11, promulgated on 24 July 2025. This amendment introduced a set of substantive changes aimed at redefining the legal concepts governing personal data and consolidating the fundamental principles regulating their processing. It further strengthened the obligations of data controllers and processors, expanded the powers of the National Authority for the Protection of Personal Data, and regulated the processing of personal data for purposes related to the prevention, detection, investigation, and prosecution of criminal offences, as well as the execution of criminal penalties and the transfer of data abroad. These developments reflect the Algerian legislator’s effort to strike a balance between the requirements of digital transformation and the protection of individuals’ fundamental rights and freedoms, in a manner consistent with international standards governing personal data processing
The burden of proving a breach of the obligation to inform in the medical contract
There is no doubt that proving compliance with the obligation to inform in a medical contract is not an easy matter, for two reasons. The first is the lack of scientific and knowledge parity between the patient and the doctor, and the second is the sensitivity of the subject matter to which this obligation applies, namely medical information. Therefore, jurisprudence and jurisprudence differ in determining who bears the burden of proving compliance with the obligation to inform. Does this burden fall initially on the patient, or does it fall on the doctor as a professional who possesses the information compared to the patient? The aim of this study is to shed light on this topic, which has been the subject of much jurisprudential and judicial debate regarding who bears the burden of proving compliance with the obligation to inform, and to clarify the position of the Algerian legislature on this matter
Powers of competition investigators and economic investigations in the field of competition
Abstract This study highlights the pivotal role played by the Ministry of Trade in detecting anti-competitive practices through competition inspectors and economic investigations. Although these actors are essential in identifying initial indicators of such practices, they are not empowered to impose sanctions, which remain under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Competition Council. The economic investigations conducted in this area follow a rigorous methodology, with their findings submitted to the Ministry's central departments for assessment. Based on this evaluation, the Minister responsible for trade may refer the matter to the Competition Council when appropriate. However, this investigative framework still requires further development, including enhanced specialized training, the provision of modern analytical tools, improved inter-agency coordination, and the establishment of an up-to-date database. These improvements are necessary to ensure more effective support for the competition regime in Algeria.
Digitalization of Litigation Procedures: A Comparative Study
Abstract Given its many advantages, digitization can revolutionize the concept of justice, which poses a challenge to the legislator, who must keep pace with scientific and technological developments in order to achieve safe and efficient justice. Has the legislator, through legal texts and procedures adopted in the field of digitization, been able to achieve an actual transition towards genuine digital litigation procedures, which contributes to establishing a fast and effective justice system, or are we facing formal appearances that conceal a reality that is still burdened by its structural problems despite the change in its mechanisms and techniques? Despite the awareness of legislators of the importance of digitizing the justice sector, there is a very important work that needs to be done, which translates in trying to adapt the rules related to the procedures with the immaterial world of Internet by allowing certain formalities to be carried out remotely, whether it is a question of digitizing the work of the courts or that of the actors of justice.
Unfair Competition Litigation as a Legal Mechanism to Combat Deceptive and Misleading Electronic Commercial Advertising
It is incontestable that electronic commercial advertising constitutes a highly effective instrument for marketing and promotion, representing a contemporary method of presenting diverse goods and services. Yet, this instrument may, at times, be diverted from its legitimate purpose and employed unlawfully against competing enterprises, seeking to tarnish their reputation through falsehoods and misleading representations concerning the actual nature of the goods or services advertised electronically. Such practices exert a tangible influence on consumer decision-making, diverting clientele toward the advertising competitor while dissuading engagement with the aggrieved party. Consequently, where electronic commercial advertising reaches the threshold of falsehood, deception, or disparagement of a competitor’s product or service, the aggrieved party is entitled to invoke the legal remedy of unfair competition. This study underscores the significance of such legal recourse, as enshrined in Algerian Law No. 04-02 on the rules applicable to commercial practices, which serves as a legal mechanism to confront
The privacy of payment entitlement in the field of electronic commercial transactions
This research work aims to study the specificity of electronic commercial transactions in one of its aspects related to the price due to the electronic supplier in return for fulfilling his obligations to transfer ownership of products and deliver them to the electronic consumer, by identifying the controls adopted by the Algerian legislator within the framework of the Electronic Commerce Law No. 18-05. These controls appear in two basic forms. The first form consists of technical controls, which in most cases precede the execution of the commercial transaction itself. The second form consists of substantive controls, which are obligations that fall directly on the electronic supplier, whether before or after the execution of the electronic commercial transaction
Protection of Copyright in the Electronic Publishing Contract
The topic of protecting copyright in electronic publishing contracts addresses the legal and technical challenges arising from technological advancements and the widespread use of the internet, which have led to new forms of exploitation of intellectual works. Although electronic publishing offers speed in distribution and ease of access to works, it also poses increasing risks related to copyright infringement, especially through unauthorized copying and redistribution. The importance of the electronic publishing contract lies in regulating the relationship between the author and the electronic publisher and ensuring the author's moral and financial rights. Effective protection requires combining traditional legal rules with modern technical measures, while balancing the author's interests with the public's right to legitimate use of digital works
Modification of the contract between the rule and the exception
This research paper aims to shed light on the subject of amending the contract between the contractual will and the authority of the judge legally delegated to amend the contract in cases that have been mentioned but not limited to, by explaining the role of the contractors in amending the contract and its limits, and the role of the judge in amending it, its limits and its nature between the disclosure and creation of the contractual obligation, which makes us wonder to what extent it is permissible to say that the judge's ruling to amend the contract may be considered one of the sources of the contract by replacing the old contractual obligation with an obligation. It begins the process of amending the contract within the limits of the legal authority delegated to it
The bodies regulating import and export activities in Algerian
Abstract: The Algerian state's program currently relies on exploring all avenues leading to the promotion of the national economy, most notably by orienting towards the development of outward-oriented markets. This explains the trend towards controlling and regulating import and export activities through a review of their legal framework from the perspective of creating more effective supervisory bodies and granting them stricter means to achieve the desired benefits. This has indeed manifested through recent texts issued in September, establishing two new bodies to regulate import and export activities while retaining the other bodies created in previous years.
bodies for promoting exports and imports
Cyberattacks and the Challenges of the Digitalization of the Algerian Judiciary
The idea of cyber attacks is the product of the cognitive and technological development achieved by human thought. They have become one of the most serious technical threats, constituting a major concern for electronic criminal justice in Algeria. This is due to the ease of acquiring cyber power and the multiplicity of actors operating within cyberspace, which results in serious cyber threats capable of violating the security and integrity of judicial information and undermining the functioning of digital criminal justice services in Algeria. Accordingly, this research focuses on identifying the risks posed by cyber attacks and their various patterns on the one hand, and the challenges facing the digitalization of the Algerian judiciary on the other.
The Legal System Of Digital Banks In Algerian Legislation
In light of the rapid developments occurring in the word of banking technology, the digital transformation banking transactions has become an essential necessity, this has led to the emergence of what are known as digital banks which have gained the trust of customers especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, Algerian banks are exerting efforts to reorganize and manage banking sector operations while adopting digital banking services, monetary and banking council has enacted regulation No.24-04 concerning the specific conditions for licensing establishment, accreditation, and operation digital banking activities. accordance with the Monetary and banking, law No23-09,These banks perform the same operations traditional banks, but rely on electronic means such, the internet and mobile application, to engage in this activity two interrelated procedures are required; licensing and accreditation; these banks will protect customers, ensure the security financial data save time and effort, and provide services at any time and anywhere.
Civil liability as a legal mechanism to protect the consumer from unfair commercial practices.
The consumer represents the final link in the contractual process, which results in an imbalance in the relationship between them and the economic agent. Therefore, the legislator has provided legal protection by prohibiting a set of unfair commercial practices under Law 02/04, which defines the rules applicable to commercial practices, as amended and supplemented. In these cases, the consumer becomes a victim of unfair methods used by the economic agent to influence their will, such as presenting specifications that contradict the reality of the products offered or the services provided, creating confusion and misunderstanding in the consumer’s mind, which leads them to enter into the contract. If the economic agent breaches their obligation, they are subject to legal accountability based on civil liability, as it involves a fault committed by them. This may result in the contract being annulled on the grounds of error or fraud, or compensation being awarded to the consumer to remedy the damage suffered, with the aim of protecting the consumer’s material and moral interests
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise between Economic Development and Environmental Protection Obligations under Algerian Law
Abstract: This research aims to examine the Algerian legislative framework governing the relationship between economic development and environmental protection, and to assess its ability to achieve a balanced approach between supporting the economic role of Small and Medium -Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and imposing the environmental obligations necessary to ensure sustainable development, given that these enterprises constitute a fundamental pillar of economic activity. The study concludes that the Algerian legislator has, in principle, integrated environmental considerations into the economic activities of SMEs; however, the effectiveness of this approach remains limited due to the inadequacy of incentive mechanisms and technical support tools that fail to take into account the specific characteristics of these enterprises. This situation calls for a reassessment of legislative policies in order to strengthen the balance between environmental protection requirements and economic development. Keywords: Small and Medium-Sized E
Cassation stabbing in decisions in customs crimes and its problems
The Customs Administration only has the criminal way to demand its rights against anyone who violates the laws and regulations that ensure their implementation, and thus customs crimes are the subject of judgments and criminal decisions. Customs crimes are characterized by that they include public and customs lawsuits. The Public Prosecution is following up on the criminal lawsuit and the Customs Administration to follow up the customs lawsuit. This privacy was reflected in some judicial procedures, and added to some legal problems that require the unification of judicial jurisprudence in this regard.
Administrative Pre-emption as a Mechanism for Regulating Economic Real Estate and the Requirements for Its Legitimacy under Algerian Legislation
This study examines administrative pre-emption as a legal mechanism for regulating the circulation of economic land and directing it toward investment serving developmental objectives. It does so through an analysis of the legislative and regulatory framework governing this mechanism, while highlighting the specific legal nature of economic land within the broader property law system. The study further aims to assess the extent to which administrative pre-emption rules are consistent with the requirements of legality and the developmental purpose that justifies their adoption, with particular emphasis on their impact on legal certainty in investment and the protection of investors’ and private owners’ rights. The findings demonstrate that the legality of administrative pre-emption is not based merely on the occurrence of legal transactions, but rather on the nature of the land concerned, its investment function, and the clarity of the substantive conditions governing its exercise. This ensures a balanced approach between public investment interests and the stability of property transactions. The study concludes that administrative pre-emption remains an effective regulatory instrument when exercised within its clearly defined legal framework, without turning into an unjustified restriction on investment freedom or private property rights.
Legal aspects of Al mucharaka in the algerien banking system
islamic banking operation and as a process within islamic banking and a form of islamic financing subjet to the principals of islamic sharia, wich the legislator regulated within the framework of regulation n°20-02 dated 15/03/2020 wich defines and specifying for banking operation related to islamic banking and the rules for their practice by banks and finacial institions, within the framewok of instruction n°20-03 dated 02/04/2020 wich defines products related to the islamic banking and specifies the procedures and technical characteristics for their implementation by banks and financial institutions. One of the most important results of the study is identifying the partenership contracts and its types by determining its regulatory framework and its legal effects of the contracting parties, within the framwork of a comparative stydy between islamc jurisprudence and the legislation in force.Exposure to law n° 23-09 dated 21/06/2023 witch includes the monetary and banking law, and wich established in article 72 anf following it the islamic banking operations and the persons authorized to practice them in a regular manne
The Legal Régulation of Small-Scale Import Activity in Algerian Législation
Abstract: This article aims to examine the legal framework governing the practice of micro-import activities within the self-entrepreneur regime under Algerian legislation, in light of Law No. 22-23 relating to the self-entrepreneur and Executive Decree No. 25-170 regulating micro-import operations. The significance of this topic lies in addressing a newly emerging legal issue resulting from economic and commercial transformations, namely the need to reconcile the encouragement of individual initiative with the protection of the national economic order. The study concludes that Executive Decree No. 25-170 constitutes an important regulatory step in structuring micro-import activities and linking them to the self-entrepreneur regime. However, the effectiveness of this legal framework remains contingent upon proper implementation, the harmonization of administrative practices, and the strengthening of legal awareness among self-entrepreneurs, in a manner that ensures legal certainty and promotes economic development. Keywords: Micro-importation; Self-employed contractor; Foreign trade; Executive Decree No25-170.
Leasing as a Mechanism for Enhancing Foreign Trade amid Current Economic Shifts
This study aims to identify the role of the leasing mechanism in promoting foreign trade and its contribution to supporting producers in entering global markets by enabling them to obtain the equipment and supplies necessary to run their projects, while maintaining their financial liquidity. The leasing mechanism is considered one of the new financing tools, which differs from the traditional financing. It is an effective alternative for economic operators to increase productivity and stimulate their economy. It is also considered an important source of financing for emerging institutions. It is clear that activating this technology in the legal and practical aspects It will contribute effectively to the promotion of foreign trade, especially in the export sector.
The Legal Framework for the Supervision of Banking Operations Related to Islamic Banking in Algeria.
or the first time at the legislative level, the Algerian legislator expressly authorized the conduct of Islamic banking operations through Law No. 23-09, with the aim of attracting the funds of individuals unwilling to engage in conventional banking and promoting the financing of new projects that serve the interests of society. In order to strengthen customers’ confidence, it became necessary to surround the practice of Islamic banking operations with adequate legal and
Supervisory Role of the Banking Commission;
Binding Force of the Decisions of the Sharia Supervisory
Relationship between the Sharia Supervisory Board and the Banking Commission
Food Security in Algerian Legislation: An Analytical Study of the Contribution of Legal Provisions Regulating Agricultural Production to Its Achievement"
This article examines the approach to food security in Algerian legislation by analyzing the relevant laws and governmental programs that regulate and support agricultural production, supply, trade, and consumer protection. It also traces the evolution of the concept of food security at both international and national levels and identifies the institutional mechanisms employed to achieve it, particularly in the areas of organization, planning, oversight, and regulation. The study analyzes the legislative foundations underpinning integrated governmental policies across multiple sectors, aimed at ensuring the right to adequate food. Furthermore, it emphasizes the critical importance of coordinating policies and legal frameworks to ensure resource sustainability, safeguard consumer rights, and promote sound governance within the food sector. The article concludes that the convergence of legal norms, policy programs, and institutional mechanisms constitutes a foundational pillar for consolidating and sustaining food security in Algeria.
rovisions Governing Agricultural Production
Investment of Real Estate Endowment (Waqf) Properties in Light of Executive Decree No. 18-213
This research addresses the exploitation of endowment properties intended for the implementation of investment projects, as stipulated in Executive Decree No. 18/213, which specifies the terms and conditions for the exploitation of endowment properties intended for the implementation of investment projects. Its provisions apply to built or unbuilt properties intended for the implementation of investment projects, whether located in developed or developing sectors, with the aim of enhancing and developing endowment properties. This study aims to clarify the conditions for investing in and exploiting endowment properties as stipulated in Executive Decree No. 18/213, And the methods of exploiting them, and the rights and obligations arising from contracts for exploiting and investing endowment properties, whether for the authority in charge of endowments or for the investor who owns the investment project.
The Issue of Monopoly and Digital Mergers in the Digital Economy: A Comparative Legal Study
This study aims to analyze the legal challenges related to digital monopolies and mergers in the context of the digital economy, through a comparative approach between European, American, and Algerian-Arab legal frameworks. The central question revolves around the effectiveness of current legal systems in controlling digital dominance and preventing market concentration by tech giants. The findings reveal a significant deficiency in Algerian legal adaptation, a lack of digital market concepts in national legislation, and weak institutional and analytical capacities. The comparison highlights the preventive nature of the European model versus the ex-post control approach in the United States. The study recommends incorporating new legal concepts into competition laws, creating independent national authorities, and enhancing regional and international cooperation.
The Role Of International Contracts In Facilitating Global Commerce: Legal Frameworks And Enforcement Challenges
The digital revolution has transformed contracting practices, with e-contracts under the UNCITRAL Model Law processing transactions 50% faster than paper-based systems. Modern contracts increasingly address emerging challenges through expanded force majeure clauses, ESG provisions, and AI-assisted drafting. However, significant challenges remain, including tensions between standardization and local legal traditions, uneven adoption of digital frameworks, and cybersecurity risks. Looking ahead, blockchain and smart contract technologies promise to automate performance and payment mechanisms, potentially generating $1.1 trillion in global trade efficiencies by 2030. As international commerce grows increasingly complex, well-structured contracts will remain indispensable for balancing innovation with risk management in an interconnected yet legally fragmented world.
The Protection Of Informational Privacy For The E-consumer In Algeria: A Legal Analysis Of Law N° 09-04
<a href="Abstract: This study examines the legal framework for protecting the informational privacy of electronic consumers in Algerian legislation, with particular reference to Law No. 09-04 related to the prevention and repression of crimes associated with information and communication technologies. The rapid growth of electronic commerce has led to extensive collection and processing of consumers’ personal data, raising significant concerns regarding confidentiality and misuse. Algerian legislation has attempted to provide legal safeguards by criminalizing unlawful access and misuse of personal data and imposing obligations on digital actors. However, despite these efforts, the protection remains limited due to the absence of a comprehensive and specific legal framework dedicated to electronic consumer protection. The study concludes that strengthening legislative mechanisms and adapting them to technological developments is essential to ensure effective protection of electronic consumers’ informational privacy. The study adopts an analytical approach through the analysis of legal texts, combined with a descriptive method to identify existing protection mechanisms. Recognition of informational privacy protection in Algerian legislation, Existence of a legal basis for protecting electronic consumers’ data, Insufficiency of current protection mechanisms, Need for legislative reform to address digital challenges. Right to privacy; electronic consumer; informatics; electronic crimes; Algerian le">Abstract: This study examines the legal framework for protecting the informational privacy of electronic consumers in Algerian legislation, with particular reference to Law No. 09-04 related to the prevention and repression of crimes associated with information and communication technologies. The rapid growth of electronic commerce has led to extensive collection and processing of consumers’ personal data, raising significant concerns regarding confidentiality and misuse. Algerian legislation has attempted to provide legal safeguards by criminalizing unlawful access and misuse of personal data and imposing obligations on digital actors. However, despite these efforts, the protection remains limited due to the absence of a comprehensive and specific legal framework dedicated to electronic consumer protection. The study concludes that strengthening legislative mechanisms and adapting them to technological developments is essential to ensure effective protection of electronic consumers’ informational privacy. The study adopts an analytical approach through the analysis of legal texts, combined with a descriptive method to identify existing protection mechanisms. Recognition of informational privacy protection in Algerian legislation, Existence of a legal basis for protecting electronic consumers’ data, Insufficiency of current protection mechanisms, Need for legislative reform to address digital challenges. Right to privacy; electronic consumer; informatics; electronic crimes; Algerian le
The Civil Liability Of The Public Official Under Algerian Law
This study examines the civil liability of public employees under Algerian law, a key mechanism for protecting individuals’ rights and ensuring administrative accountability. Influenced by French legal theory, Algerian law adopts fault as the basis for personal liability, distinguishing between personal fault, for which the employee is liable, and service-related fault, for which the administration is responsible. Civil liability arises when three elements coexist: fault, damage, and a causal link. Fault must be personal and separate from official duties; damage must be actual, personal, affect a legally protected right or interest, and not previously compensated; and a direct causal relationship must exist. The administrative judiciary plays a crucial role in assessing these elements and determining compensation, which aims to repair harm without unjust enrichment. The system balances protection of employees against excessive liability with safeguarding individuals from administrative abuse, ensuring the proper functioning of public services, strengthening public trust, and reinforcing the rule of law in Algeria.
The Exclusive Legal Framework Under Law N. 22-09 :safeguarding Algerian Start-ups Through The Simple Joint Stock Company Structure
Abstract: The Simplified Joint Stock Company (SJSC) is a new legal structure introduced under Algerian Law No. 22-09, which is tailored specifically for Start-ups,constitutes a modern legal mechanism designed to preserve,support,and protect. This company model offers entrepreneurs a flexible legal framework that is conducive to growth and innovation. One of the key features of the SJSC is the greater flexibility it provides in managing capital and distributing shares, allowing founders to adapt the company’s structure to their specific needs without being bound by the stringent regulations imposed on traditional companies. Additionally, the administrative and accounting procedures are simplified, reducing the financial and regulatory burden on the Start-up. The most notable advantage of the SJSC is its potential to encourage investment and innovation, as it allows founders to attract investors more easily due to its flexible governance rules.