Journal of Sciences & Technology is a bi-annual journal that publishes original scientific articles in English language in the following disciplines: Physics, Maths, Chemistry, Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry, Geophysics, Hydraulics, Civil Engineering, Land Planning, Biotechnologies, Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Animal Physiology, Immunology, Food Industries, Agricultural Sciences, Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Architecture and Earth Sciences.
Freres Mentouri University Constantine, Algeria
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SOME VIABLE MODELS FOR EXTRA DIMENSIONAL UNIVERSE
Some viable models in a 5D space-time are presented and Friedman like equations are also obtained. A dynamical study is also investigated.
Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A model based on the ungravity proposal is presented. Some applications explaining dark energy and dark matter are discussed.
TRANSIENT LAMINAR SEPARATED FLOW AROUND AN IMPULSIVELY STARTED SPHERICAL PARTICLE AT 20≤RE≤1000
Numerical simulations of the axisymmetric laminar flow characteristics past a rigid sphere impulsively started are presented for Reynolds numbers from 20 to 1000. The results are obtained by solving the complete time dependant Navier-Stokes equations in vorticity and stream function formulation. A fourth order compact method is used to discretize the Poisson equation of stream function while the vorticity transport equation is solved by an alternating direction implicit method. Time evolution of flow separation angle and length of the vortex behind the sphere are reported. Time variation of the axial velocity in the vortex and the wall vorticity around the sphere are also examined. Secondary vortices are seen to be initiated at Reynolds number of 610 and for dimensionless time t about 5. Comparisons with previously published simulations and experimental data for steady state conditions show very good agreement.
BETA DECAY HALF-LIVES AND RATES OF 134-136SN NUCLEI
In astrophysical environment, allowed Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions and space phase factors play an important role in determination of transition rates and half-lives, particularly for β-decay in presupernova evolution of massive stars. The estimation of these half-lives in neutron rich nuclei is needed in astrophysics for the understanding of supernovae explosions and the processes of nucleosynthesis, principally the r-process, and in the experimental exploration of the nuclear landscape. Their determination in agreement with experimental results is a challenging problem for nuclear theorists. In this work, the total β-decay half-lives and rates of 134-136Sn nuclei at different temperatures are calculated using various interactions developed in the light of recently available information on experimental binding energies and low-lying spectra of Sn, Sb and Te isotopes in 132Sn mass region. The calculation has been realized using Oxbash code in the frame work of the nuclear shell model. With these interactions, one can observe that the effective half-lives increase and the total decay rates decrease with increasing temperature. A deviation of half-lives starts at around 0.2 MeV and satures above 10 MeV, but the half-lives limit values are slightly different for all interactions.
EFFECT OF INCLINATION ANGLE ON THE NATURAL CONVECTION IN A CLOSED ENCLOSURE, DELIMITED BY TWO HORIZONTAL, CENTERED ELLIPTIC CYLINDERS AND TWO DIAMETRICAL PLANS
The authors present the numerical study of the phenomenon of the natural, laminar and permanent convection in an elliptic annular cavity delimited by two diametrical plans and is tilted at an angle  with respect to the horizontal plane. The enclosure considered is of practical interest (Storage, Isolation). It is filled by a Newtonian and incompressible fluid, in laminar and permanent mode. The Prandtl number is fixed at 0.7 (air) but the Grashof number varies. They determine the distributions of the temperature and the stream-function in the fluid and indicate the influence on the flow of the Grashof number and the system tilt.
CHOICE OF THE PRIOR IN THE BAYESIAN DESIGN FOR THE CLINICAL TRIALS.
Bayesian statistics have the advantage of being easily established and derived. Thus, we will use this approach to find the distribution of the predictive probabilities of the data not observed yet in the conception of clinical trials phase II. Such perspectives are necessary in cases or in reason treat ethical preoccupations or ether to achieve trials which are particularly toxic or expensive. We propose, in reason of neutrality, to calculate the predictive probabilities within a Bayesian case, where the prior is non informative in different models apply in clinical trials.
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Sciences & Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The effect of solar regulators on the performance and energy provided by solar system
Presently, Photovoltaic and the outher resources such as the wind, the geothermal and biomass energy are the most important energetic alternative resources; in this work an experimental study of a solar system has been proposed; located in the energy site of the city of Constantine. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of the diffrence betwen hybrid regulateur and MPPT charge controlleur in solar system.
Copyright (c) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Extraction procedure for copper (II) in acetate medium by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis
The retention of copper ions from a synthetic solution by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis has been shown to be a feasible process to achieve efficient copper extraction. In this study, we investigate the effect of varying pressure, pH, and copper acetate concentration. The experimental results indicated that the retention of copper ions increase with increasing operating pressure, decrease with increasing concentration and were strongly influenced by the pH of the feed solution. Higher degrees of copper extraction were obtained for experiments carried out by reverse osmosis than those carried out by nanofiltration. The results show that, the extraction efficiency of copper by reverse osmosis varied from 90% to 100 % for an initial feed concentration of 50 ppm, and by nanofiltration ranged from 49 % to 98% and from 24% to 73 % for an initial feed concentration of 50 and 75 ppm, respectively.
A studying about some characterization of finite matroid groups
In this work, we show that a very large class of matroid groups possesses the basis property. Moreover, we show that this class behaves like vector spaces in terms of basis. Applications include new proofs for the characterization of finite matroid groups. Moreover, we show that every group possesses BEP, also possesses the span property and in the deﬁnition of matroid group, the extension property can be replaced by BEP. The fact that BEP always correct in vector spaces, but the situation is diﬀerent in groups was showed. In the end, we show that each base and maximal independent subset are equivalent in any group with embedding property.
THERMAL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE POLYOXYMETHYLENE / CALCIUM CARBONATE (POM/CaCSQO3)
Polymers may replace advantageously the traditional materials of structure. We can distinguish among others their lightness, their moderate cost, their various processes which allow to implement and to shape them simultaneously. In the thermoplastic polymers case numerous are their peculiarities which make them interesting. The majority of studies of the thermoplastics and their composites become only attached to their mechanical properties; their behavior is more complex and establishes an obstacle major which requires more thorough studies. Our objective is the incorporation of a mineral filler the CaCO3 in the polyoxyméthylene (POM) in the context of the development of a new composite material and to define its thermals, physical and mechanicals properties. So,our work consists in studying the thermals, physical and mechanicals properties of the composite Polyoxymethylene / CaCO3.
REMOVAL OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM BY EUCALYPTUS LEAF POWDER
Batch adsorption process of metal pollutants in aqueous phase can be influenced by several parameters such as initial pH of the solution, dose of the adsorbent, concentration of the adsorbate, contact time, temperature, agitation rate and adsorbent characteristics. In this study Taguchi’s statistical approach was used to optimize the parameters of Cr(VI) biosorption by eucalyptus leaf powder. The orthogonal array L9 with three levels was applied to determine the optimal conditions for adsorption. The obtained results show that Cr(VI) removal is maximum (96.51%) with the low level of initial pH solution (1.0) and initial metal concentration (50 mg/L) and, with the high level of the adsorbent dose (3.0 g/L) and contact time (70 min). The analysis of variance of the experimental results, carried out for a level of significance of 5%, revealed that the initial pH solution is the most important parameter influencing the adsorption efficiency of chromium (VI) with a percentage contribution of 47.60%.
EFFECTS OF INCLINED MAGNETIC FIELD AND SLIP BOUNDARY CONDITION ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN A CASSON NANOFLUID FLOW OVER A STRETCHING SHEET
In this paper, the effects of inclined magnetic field and slip boundary condition on heat and mass transfer in a Cassonnanofluid over a stretching sheet is examined. Brownian motion and thermophoreiss with chemical reation were considered as a nanofluid model and the fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of applied an inclined magnetic field. The nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equationsby using appropriate transformation, which is solved numerically using a spectral collocation method. The effects of some fluid parameters on velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration profiles are shown graphically. Enhancement of both temperature and nanoparticle concentration were observed when there is an increase in thermophoresis parameter and the increase in slip parameter result to decrease in the velocity of the fluid.Local skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are analysed through tabulated results in table 1and 2.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE EFFECT OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AND DIFENOCONAZOLE TO INHIBIT GROWTH MYCELIAL Of FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM
Direct confrontation tests between T. viride and F. oxysporum on agar medium (PDA) revealed considerable activity by the biocontrol agent on the pathogen. After six days of incubation, the average diameter of the pathogen colony was 26 mm and the percent of inhibition was 63.83% relative to the control with 71 mm. At the end of the eighth day, T. viride completely invades the F. oxysporum colony and sporulates on it.The results of the test fungicide revealedmoderate inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen, so the concentration of 300 ppm was considered a threshold of inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, which appeared sensitive.Otherwise, F.oxysporum appeared resistant against the different concentrations (30 and 3) ppm of Difenoconazole.According to literature and several studies carried out in this field, it has been concluded that T. viride is very effective against pathogenicity of F.oxysporum, whereas the use of fungicide (Difenoconazole) is effective but with varying degrees.
THE USE OF LOCAL AND RENEWABLE PRODUCT IN THERMAL INSULATION.
This work aims to develop a new eco-composite construction that is good thermal insulation with a simple and inexpensive method. The prepared material is Portland cement and date palm fibers. This was characterized by: Raman spectroscopy to study the impact of fibers on the chemical behavior of the matrix, the hot wire method for measuring thermal conductivity and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for porosity measurement. The comparison of the results with those of Portland cement reveals that the inclusion of date palm fibers has no impact on the chemical behavior of the matrix and that the addition of these fibers increases the porosity and decreases the thermal conductivity cement.
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APPLICATION OF THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) FOR LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING IN THE EAST REGION OF CONSTANTINE, NE ALGERIA.
Landslides constitutes one of the main geological dangers to human being. Proper analysis and suitable modeling of these dangers may reduce accident risks. In this study, we used remote sensing techniques and GIS tools to establish landslide susceptibility map of the East of Constantine. To evaluate the landslide risks in the study area, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) were used. In this method, we performed quantification of the factors on a priority basis by pair-wise comparison of the factors. The local data includes slope, slope aspect, elevation, distance from drainage, lithology, distance from faults, precipitation, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and springs density. The landslide susceptibility index (LSI) was calculated using the WLC technique based on the assigned weight and rating by AHP method. The results were verified using actual landslide locations (43 location points) where the accuracy rate 61% of predict values and 58 % of success values. The validation results with that indicated suitable agreement between the susceptibility map and the existing data on landslide locations.
CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT SEISMIC PERFORMANCES UPGRADING OF RC BUILDINGS USING CFRP WRAPPING.
Knowing that the rehabilitation practice in Algeria is not codified yet, the principal aim of this paper is to evaluate seismic performance of retrofitted reinforced concrete buildings by CFRP wrapping using a Pushover analysis to estimate the structural capacity in both strength and ductility. A nonlinear analysis is conducted on a series of low-rise buildings with poor concrete strength of their vertical components where the CFRP wrapping is adopted as a rehabilitation solution. An explanation of the simulation work before and after the retrofitting operation is given through the modeling approach of the nonlinear sectional behavior based on a combination of confining effects, helping in Moment-Curvature analysis and user defined plastic hinges modeling. Finally, seismic performance enhancement is evaluated in local and global behavior considering several structural criteria.
Copyright (c) 2020 Sciences & Technology journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
THE WAR MEMORIAL OF CONSTANTINE FACING RISKS AND VULNERABILITY.
The war memorial of Constantine is in a state of advanced degradation; despite its major importance, the monument and its surroundings are facing devastating factors that alter both its invaluable values and authenticity. So, what are the main factors that caused this degradation? Initially, the degradations noticed are due to a set of risks. The in situ survey conducted as well as the comparative study confirmed the presence of risks on the site through the identification of nine natural and anthropogenic hazards. Furthermore, the cross-examination of the data obtained from the subsequent studies showed that the damage of the risks influenced the monument in two forms: physical and functional. In conclusion, the effect of the damage increased the degree of vulnerability of the monument.
EVALUATION OF SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE SILVER NANOPARTICLES PREPARED BY CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS FOR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS.
The silver nanoparticles are known such as diffusers and efficient light absorbers, because of their strong interactions with visible light through the phenomenon of surface Plasmon resonance (SPR). Local frequency LSPR strongly depends on the size, shape and dielectric medium. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles of different sizes was carried out, using different molar concentrations of silver nitrate at different temperatures in two different solvents (ethanol and methanol). the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results show the presence of an absorption peak at around 440 nm. A theoretical study based on the use of the simulator COMSOL Multiphysics was developed. It was demonstrated, that the nanoparticles have a spheroids shape and their sizes are of the order of 12 nm. The theoretical results were validated by experimental results.
Copyright (c) 2019 Sciences & Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION OF UPPER ARM SUSPENSION USING STRAIN LIFE APPROACH.
This paper presents the fatigue life behavior of upper arm suspension under cyclic loading. The main objectives are to predict the fatigue life of the component using strain life approach, to identify the critical location and to select the suitable materials for the suspension arm.To conduct this analysis three aluminum alloys were selected for the suspension arm, to do so CAD model of upper arm is designed in Solid Works and imported in a finite element ANSYS code. The upper arm was subjected to constant amplitude loading in z direction and boundary conditions were applied at the end of bushing. Tetrahedral elements gives enhanced results as compared to other types of elements, therefore the elements used in this analysis is (TET 10); the maximum principal stress is considered in the linear static stress analysis and the critical location was considered at node 63754.The finite element model and analysis were performed utilizing the finite element analysis code. Finally, damage is evaluated to the remaining capacity of life and then the stress and strain at the critical region are estimated. From the fatigue analysis Aluminum alloys 7175-T73 and 2014-T6 presents a similar behavior compared to 6061-T6 , in this case of study these lather are considered to be the materials of choice to manufacture the suspension arms; but 7175-T73 Aluminum alloys remains the material with a better resistance to fatigue.
STUDY OF PLASMA-DEPOSITED LAYERS OF W-TIN ON CUTTING TOOLS.
In the mechanical industry, the success and the results obtained by the heat treatments in the improvement of the properties of mechanical parts and mechanisms, with the introduction of new alloy and composite materials, found that the introduction of other techniques is issentiels, The metal parts subject to wear must be hard, but the hard metals can be brittle, fragile and difficult to work. A solution to this dilemma may consist in manufacturing the parts in a relatively soft and resistant alloy and then modifying its surface by the action of an appropriate treatment. The application of surface treatments by the various spray coating techniques allow a considerable contribution to be made in order to improve the properties of resistance to wear, the friction and to increase the life time in the mechanical parts.
ESTIMATION FOR BOUNDED SOLUTIONS OF INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES SOME NEW NON-LINEAR RETARDER INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL INEQUALITIES.
In this paper, we establish some new non-linear retarded integro-differential inequalities in tow and n independent variables.
THE APPLICATION OF SELECTIVE HARMONIC ELIMINATION USING SIMULATED ANNEALING FOR MULTILEVEL INVERTERS.
Harmonic pollution is a very common issue in the field of power electronics, Harmonics can cause multiple problems for power converters and electrical loads alike, this paper introduces a modulation method called selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM), this method allows the elimination of a specific order of harmonics and also control the amplitude of the fundamental component of the output voltage. In this work SHEPWM strategy is applied to a five level cascade inverter. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the total control provided by the SHEPWM strategy over any rank of harmonics using the simulated annealing optimization algorithm and also control the amplitude of the fundamental component at any desired value. Simulation and experimental results are presented in this work.
Copyright (c) 2019 Sciences & Technology
A BAYESIAN PREDICTIVE PROCEDURE FOR TWO STEPS EXPERIMENTAL TRIALS.
Bayesian predictive procedures give the researcher a very appealing method to evaluate the chances that the experiment will end up showing a conclusive result, or on the contrary an inconclusive one. The prediction can be explicitly based on either the hypothesis used to monitor the experiment expressed either in terms of prior distribution, on partially available data, or on both. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian predictive methodology based on two steps which can be used to develop an adaptive design for the experimental trials. This procedure does not require intensive computation and comprehensive simulations. We have used the non-informative prior to give evidence on the objectivity of the experimental data.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF CATHODOLUMINESCENCE OF CdTe INFLUENCE OF BULK PARAMETERS.
The effect of bulk parameters (¬diffusion length (Ln), absorption coefficient (α) and acceptor concentration (Na)) on the cathodoluminescence intensity (ICl) of p type CdTe has been theoretically investigated. To do this a self-consistent calculation method of (ICl) has been used. The obtained results show that ICl decreases when Ln and α increase up to a certain excitation energy E0, and then begins to decrease. The maximum of the ICl = f(E0) curves shifts towards high energies.
OXFORD NANOTECHNOLOGIE: A NEW ERA FOR GENOME SEQUENCING AND PRECISION DIAGNOCTICS
The advancement made on sequencing technology over the last years has been impressive. However, a number of new instruments were commercialized, the most attractive and promising one was the MinIon from Oxford Nanopore technology, UK. It is a small USB device using the nanopore technology to sequence more than 100kbp of DNA single stranded in a short time without pre-amplification or optical steps. This review focusses on the use of the new sequencing technology to improve the molecular and the precision diagnostic. Herein, we expose the employment of MinIon device for characterization, monitoring and detection of mutations in infectious agents but also its application in precision diagnosis and mutation analysis in clinical oncology and immunologic research.
LUMINESCENT COMPOSITES ON THE BASE OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE: SYNTHESIS, FABRICATION AND PROPERTIES
The data on preparation, structure and morphology of cellulose-based composites, those have oxide component as filler are reported. It is shown that depending on raw materials origin and processing degree cellulose samples reveal various degree of crystallinity (in the range 64 – 77 %). Obtained composites reveal even lesser crystallinity degree ≈ 57%. Detailed analysis of surface morphology was performed with using of scanning electronic microscopy. It was found the studied samples contains plates with sizes ~ 20 – 50 μ those consist of close-packed grains of 5-10 μ size. In the case of composites some oxide nanoparticles (sizes up to 200 nm) were incorporated into grains of microcrystalline cellulose. It was established the luminescence properties of cellulose are dependent on type of plant raw materials as well as on processing methods. These factors have influence on luminescence intensity but profile of photoluminescence bands remains practically unchanged. Under excitation in 337-532 nm spectral region the composites that contain K2Eu(PO4)(MoO4) and LaVO4:Sm are characterized by intensive visible photoluminescence. Spectra of these PL depend on excitation wavelength.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE VOIDS ON AN ADHESIVE LAP JOINT: EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS.
The aim of this paper is to present an experimental and numerical characterization, which is a typical adhesive for aerospace applications. This was done with two kinds of structures, with and without voids, and comparing their structural performance. Additionally, the X-RAY NONOTOM CT SCAN (computed tomography) has been used to determinate the distribution of the voids in the adhesive. Subsequently, numerical models, which represent experimental trials, were developed by modelling adhesives using the finite element technique. A shear test has been performed on the specimens in order to confirm the resistance of the bonded joint taking into account that the materials have the same mechanical characteristics. Then, the numerical simulation has been developed using the software ANSYS in order to analyze the adhesive lap joint model. The finite element displacement analysis of the single lap joint was examined for the cases with and without voids. The stress of the adhesive single-lap joints is mainly generated during the cooling process. The results between the experimental tests and the numerical model are in good agreement. In fact, it is noted that the numerical models have been shown to be very representative of experimental trials with reasonable maximum errors. Additionally, we have noted that the absence of the voids increase the stiffness of the lap joints with a reasonable percentage of the loads charges. In the absence of the voids, the load failure of the joint has been increased. However, the increase rate in the failure load changes depending on the structural features of the adhesive and the type of the adhesive.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF AN INCOMPRESSIBLE LAMINAR FLOW AROUND A NACA AIRFOIL WITH A BLOWING CONTROL.
A boundary layer separation on a NACA0012 airfoil at a low Reynolds number is numerically investigated. The governing equations are discretized with the finite volume method. The boundary layer separation is examined through the flow structure. Beyond an angle of attack of 8°, a small separation region is detected near the trailing-edge of the airfoil. As the angle of attack increases, the separation region grows up and moves towards the leading edge. In order to control the separation, a parabolic distribution blowing is applied along the separated region. The effectiveness of the control is shown, leading to the improvement of the lift and the lift to drag ratio. As the blowing jet velocity is increased the size of the separation bubble decreases until it disappears.
INVESTIGATION THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRON BEAM PARAMETERS ON THE CATHODOLUMINESCENCE OF CADMIUM TELLURIDE.
The cathodoluminescence signal (Cl) has been investigated theoretically for p-type CdTe, in order to understand the effect of incident electron beam parameters (energy Eo, intensity Ip), at low injection level, on the excess carriers, the cathodoluminescence intensity (ICl) and the depletion region (Zd). To do this a self-consistent calculation method of (ICl) has been used. The obtained results show that the excess concentrations of carriers have a maximum value near the surface and decrease when E0 increases. Regarding the depletion region we observe a decrease of the depth as a function of Ip for the relatively great values and an increase with increasing Eo. The curves ICl = f(E0) show a maximum in the energy interval of [30-40 keV] and a rapid decrease for high values of Ip. Additionally, we observe, in general, an increase of ICl with increasing Ip. Finally, we record a linear variation of the intensity Cl as a function of Ip, according to different energies E0.
EARTH’S TOMOGRAPHY WITH SUPERNOVA NEUTRINOS OSCILLATION IN THE LMA RANGE.
Low energy neutrinos can be used to probe the Earth’s density from the study of the Earth’s matter effects on their oscillation. In this work, we will show how this can be achieved with neutrinos coming from a future Galactic Supernova explosion ( ), using an analytic formula that describes the Earth’s matter effects on their oscillation. We will focus, in this study, on the linear case where neutrinos travel short distances ( ) through the Earth, showing how a Tomogram of the Earth (a 2D image from a 3D body) can be created just by making use of the information obtained from the observation of the Earth’s matter effects, which is the case for specific choices of the neutrino oscillation parameters and the neutrino mass schemes. In our work, we will treat the case where the neutrino oscillations are explained by the large mixing angle solution to the solar neutrino problem (LMA), combined with the normal mass hierarchy.