The Civil Liability Of The Public Official Under Algerian Law

Abstract

This study examines the civil liability of public employees under Algerian law, a key mechanism for protecting individuals’ rights and ensuring administrative accountability. Influenced by French legal theory, Algerian law adopts fault as the basis for personal liability, distinguishing between personal fault, for which the employee is liable, and service-related fault, for which the administration is responsible. Civil liability arises when three elements coexist: fault, damage, and a causal link. Fault must be personal and separate from official duties; damage must be actual, personal, affect a legally protected right or interest, and not previously compensated; and a direct causal relationship must exist. The administrative judiciary plays a crucial role in assessing these elements and determining compensation, which aims to repair harm without unjust enrichment. The system balances protection of employees against excessive liability with safeguarding individuals from administrative abuse, ensuring the proper functioning of public services, strengthening public trust, and reinforcing the rule of law in Algeria.