Effect of the season of treatment by urea on the food value of straw on sheep
الكلمات المفتاحية:
straw، treatment، urea، season، intake، digestibility، sheepالملخص
The study of the effect of the season of treatment (summer or winter) of straws by urea shows that:- The content of dry matter and the rate of hemicelluloses of the straw are affected whatever the season of treatment.
- The intake of the straw treated by urea in winter is better than that observed for the straw treated in summer (on average 68.4 g/d/kg P0.75 against 61.8 g/d/kgP0.75)
- The digestibility of the organic matter of the straw treated by urea in winter is slightly lower than that of the straw treated in summer since this one passes from 45.5% for the straw untreated with 49.8 and 54.0% respectively for the straw treated in winter and the straw treated in summer. The digestibility of the total nitrogenized matters is on the other hand definitely higher for the straw treated in winter, that is to say 64.9% against 54.1% for the straw treated in summer.
- The nitrogen selected is established on average with 6.33g for the straw treated in winter against 5.33g for the straw treated in summer.
- Whatever season of treatment; the straw treated by urea largely meets the needs for maintenance of sheep.
المراجع
- AOAC., "Official methods of analysis". 12 edn. (1975), Washington, DC.
- Blaxter K.L., Wilson R.S., "The volontary intake of roughage by steer". Anim. Prod. 4, (1962), pp. 351 – 358.
- Borhami B.E.A., Sundstol F., "Studies on ammonia treated straw : 1-The effectof type and level of ammonia, moisture content and time on the digestibility « in vitro » and enzyme soluble organic matter of oat straw". Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech. (1982) 1: 45-51.
- Chenost M. , Kayouli C., "Utilisation des fourrages grossiers en régions chaudes". Etudes FAO., (1997) 224 p.
- Chermiti A., Nefzaoui A., Cordesse R., "Paramètres d’uréolyse et digestibilité de la paille traitée à l’urée". Ann. Zootech., (1989) 38 : 63-72.
- Hadjipanayioutou M., The effect of ammonia using urea on intake and nutritive value of chopped barley straw. Grass Forage. Sci., (1982) 37 : 89-93.
- Houmani M., "Effet comparé de l’aspersion mécanique de l’urée en solution sur andin au champ et manuelle sur bottes pour le traitement de la paille de blé sur sa digestibilité et sur la croissance d’agneaux". Ann. Zootechn., (1998) 47 (3) : 197-205
- Houmani M., "Valorisation des pailles algériennes par traitement technologique dans l’alimentation du cheptel". Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences Agronomiques, I.N.A., El-harrach, (1998), 155 p.
- Houmani M., Bellal M., Tisserand J. l., "Effets comparés des saisons d’été et d’hiver sur l’efficacité du traitement de la paille de blé dur à l’urée". Recherche agronomique. INRAA., 8, (2001), 59-68.
- Ibbotson C.F., "The effectiveness of urea as source of ammonia for increasing the digestibility of straw". Anim. Prod.,36, (1983), 538-624.
- INRA., "Les fourrages secs: récolte, traitement, utilisation". Ed.INRA. Paris,France. (1987),471 p.
- Jarrige R., "Les costituants glucosidiques des fourrages: Variation, digestibilité et dosage. In Prévision de la valeur nutritive des aliments des ruminants". INRA., Versailles (1981), pp. 13-40.
- Jewell S.N., Campling R.C., Acqueous ammonia treatment of wheat straw : voluntary intake and digestibility in cattle. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech.,14, (1986), p. 81-93.
- Joy M., Andueza J.D., Munoz F., Alibes X., "effecto del nivel de rehusado, del tratamiento con urea y de la especie animal sobre la ingestion y digestion del canote de mais". Investigacion agraria produccion sanidad animales. 10 (3), (1995), pp. 234-242.
- Lawlor G., O’shea J., "The effect of ammoniation on the intake and nutritive value of straw". Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech.,4, (1979), pp. 169-175.
- Lawrence A., Yakhlef H., Triki S., Chabaca R., "Rappor n°2. Programme derecherche STD., TS 2 A. 0 250 M. INRA., El Harrach, (1991), 53 p.
- Magheni D.M., Kimambo A.E., Sundstol F., Madsen J., "Influence of urea treatement or supplementation on egradation, intake and growth performance of ggoats fed rice straws diets". Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol., 44, (1993), pp. 209-220.
- Masson V.C., Hartley R.D., Keen A.S., Collby J.M., The effect of ammoniation on the nutritive value of wheat, barley and oat straw. 1- Changes in chimical composition in relation of digestibility in vitro and cell wall degradability. Anim. feed. Sci.
Tech.,19, (1988), pp. 157-171.
- Munoz F., Joy M., Faci R., Alibès V., " Treatement of ligno-cellulosic residus with urea. Influence of dosage, moisture, temperature and addition of urease". Ann. Zootech.,40 (2), (1991), pp. 215-225.
- Rezzoug A., "Etude comparative de deux méthodes de traitement des pailles à l'urée en rapport avec le volume d'eau employé. Valeur alimentaire chez le mouton. Mém. Ing. Agr., INA., El-Harrach, (1991), 35 p.
- Srairi M.T., "Alimentation de brebis allaitantes avec des rations à base de paille: Effet du complément azoté". Revue Elev. Med. Vét. Pays Trop.,51, (1), (1998), pp. 47-54.
- Van-Soest P.J,. Wine R.N., "Use of detergent in the analysis of fibrous feed. IV-Determination of plant cell constituants". J. Assoc. Off. Chem.,(1967) 50-55.
- Yakhlef H., Triki S., El Hani F., "Effet de la durée de stockage sur la valeur alimentaire de la paille traitée à l'urée". Sci. & Technol.,(18), (2002), pp.11-115.
- Yarko-Badohu D.K., Kayouli C., Ba, A.A., Gasmi A., "Valorisation des pailles de céréales en alimentation des ovins dans le nord de la Tunisie. 1- Traitement aux alcali (ammoniac / urée). 2- Complémentation par des blocs (mélasse / urée)".
Livestock Research For Rural Development., (1993) 5 (1) : 1-10.
