الأمن الرقمي للأطفال ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في ظل القانون الدولي العام والتشريع الجزائري

First / Sources:

1. International Charters:

- Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, November 23, 2001, July 1, 2004.

- Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, June 17, 2015.

- Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution, and child pornography, May 25, 2000 - January 18, 2002.

- United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, December 13, 2006.

- United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, November 20, 1989, September 2, 1990.

2. United Nations Resolutions:

- Comment No. 25 of 2021 on children's rights in relation to the digital environment, UN Document No. CRC/C/GC/25, March 2, 2021.

- General Assembly Resolution No. 53/144, December 9, 1998, on the right and responsibility of individuals, groups, and society to promote and protect universally recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms, UN Document No. A/RE/S/53/144.

- General Assembly Resolution No. 68/167 on the right to privacy in the digital age, UN Document No. A/RES/68/167, December 18, 2013, p. 3.

- General Assembly Resolution No. 69/166 on the right to privacy in the digital age, UN Document No. A/RES/69/166, February 10, 2015, p. 5.

- Human Rights Council Resolution No. 26/13 on enhancing and protecting human rights on the internet, UN Document No. A/69/53, June 26, 2014, p. 2014.

- Human Rights Council Resolution No. 28/16 on the right to privacy in the digital age, UN Document No. A/HRC/RES/28/16, April 1, 2015.

- Human Rights Council, promoting and protecting all civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, including the right to development, UN Document No. A/HRC/12/23, July 21, 2009.

3. National Laws:

- Algerian Child Protection Law, No. 12-15, 2015.

- Constitutional Amendment 2020, Official Gazette No. 83, issued December 30, 2020.

- Order No. 156-66 dated June 8, 1966, containing the Penal Code, as amended and supplemented.

- Presidential Decree No. 04/183 dated June 26, 2004, establishing the National Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology for the National Gendarmerie and defining its basic statute.

- Executive Decree No. 15-261 dated October 8, 2015, establishing the composition of the National Authority for the Prevention of and Fight Against Crimes related to Information and Communication Technology.

- Law No. 09-04 on special rules for the prevention of crimes related to information and communication technology.

Second / References:

1. Books:

- Khaled bin Marzouq bin Siraj Al-Otaibi, Procedural Aspects in Initiating Information Crimes: A Comparative Study, Law and Economics Library, Riyadh.

- Rashid Mohammed Al-Mari, Cybercrimes in Contemporary Criminal Thought: A Comparative Study, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 2018.

2. Periodicals:

- International Telecommunication Union, Guidelines for Policymakers on Child Protection Online, ITU Publications 2020.

- International Telecommunication Union, Understanding Cybercrime: Phenomena, Challenges, and Legal Response, September 2012.

- Tunisian Ministry of Family, Women, Children, and the Elderly, Institutional Assessment for Preventing and Protecting Children from Violence in the Digital Space, USAID.

3. Academic Articles:

- Ahmed Abis Naima Al-Fitlawi, Cyber Attacks: Concept and International Responsibility Arising in Contemporary International Law, Al-Hilli Investigator Journal of Legal and Political Sciences, Issue 4, Eighth Year, 2016.

- Amina Abishat, Brahim Ammari, The Digital Environment and its Relationship with Crimes Committed Against Children, Sexual Exploitation as a Model, Notebooks Journal, Volume 13, Issue 1, 2022.

- Amira Abdel Azim Mohamed Abdel Jawad, Cyber Risks and Means of Addressing Them in Public International Law, Sharia and Law Journal Issue 35, Part 03, 2020.

- Aya Samir Salah Mansour, Social Media's Approach to Issues of People with Special Needs, Scientific Journal of Media and Communication Technology Research, Issue 8, 2020.

- Faiza Iqbal et al., A Qualitative Study: Impact of Bullying on Children with Special Needs, Linguistica Antverpiensia, Issue 2, 2021, p. 1639.

- Giovanna Mascheroni, Kjartan Olafsson, Mobile Internet Access and Use Among European Children: Initial Findings of the Net Children Go Mobile Project, Milano, 2013.

- Hani Atiyah Al-Juhani, Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities During the Coronavirus Pandemic Through Their Teachers' Experiences, Faculty of Education Journal, Assiut University, Volume 38, Issue 2, November 2022.

- Mohamed Chawki, Essay on the Notion of Cybercrime, IEHEI, European Institute, July 2006.

- Robin M. Kowalski, Allison Toth, Cyberbullying among Youth with and without Disabilities, Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 2018, p. 2.

- Sonia Livingston and others, Risks and Safety on the Internet: The Perspective of European Children Full Finding, London, January 2011.

4. Online Articles:

- Amr El-Deeb, Cybercrimes and Children's Rights, Safe Space platform, available at: https://www.safespace.qa/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%86

- INTERPOL, Child Protection Online, available at: https://www.interpol.int/ar/4/16/6

5. Websites:

- UNICEF, Online Bullying: What It Is and How to Stop It, available at: https://www.unicef.org/ar

- United Nations Development Programme, Sustainable Development Goals, available at: https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals