Cross-cultural research on cognitive development in infancy and early childhood: an overview of methods and research
الملخص
In the present article, the author attempts to cover the most conspicuous studies and research in the area of cognitive development in infancy and early childhood across cultures, in the last thirty years or so. Studies of infants' attention and perception, object permanence and cognitive functioning, in general, in early childhood are discussed in relation to theoretical and methodological backgrounds (Piagetian studies, psychometric tests).
In so doing, the author points out all through the paper, the complexity of multicultural research in terms of the difficulty of implementing research hypotheses, which may or may not be conclusive on dimensions of cognitive development.
التنزيلات
المراجع
Dasen P.R. (ED), "Piagetian psychology : Cross-cultural contributions". Gardner press, Inc, New York, (1977), p. 2-10.
Dasen P.R., Heron A., "Cross-cultural tests of Piaget’s theory" In H.C Triandis & A. Heron (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (vol.4) Boston : Allyn & Bacon, (1981).
Slater A. & Bremner G., "Infant Development", Hove, Sussex ; Erlbaum, 1989.
Young, A, & Ellis, H., (Eds) Handkook of research on face-processing. Amsterdam : North Holland, (1989).
Ellis H.D., "Developmental Trends in Face Recognition". The psychologist, vol 3, n°3, March (1990), pp. 114-119.
Bailey N., "Comparisons of mental and motor test scores for ages 1-15 months by sex, birth order, race, geographical location, and education of parents". Child Developement, 36, (1965), pp. 379-411.
Brazellon T.B., "Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scales". London : Spastics International Medical Publications, (1973).
Triandis H.C., Reflections on Trends in Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 11, n° 1, March, (1980).
Dasen P.R., "Cross-cultural Piagetian research: A summary". In J.W. Berry & P.R. Dasen (Eds) Culture and Cognition: Readings in Cross-Cultural psychology (1974).
Dasen P.R., Berry J.W., Witkin, H.A., "The use of developemental theories cross-culturally". In L. Ekensberger,y. Poortinga, W.Lonner (Eds), Cross-cultural contributions to psychology- Amsterdam : swets and Zeitlinger (1979).
Berry J.W., "Human Ecology and cognitive style : comparative studies in cultural and psychological adaptation". New York: John Wiley (1976).
Bovet M.C., "Cognitive processes among illiterate children and adults. In J.W. Berry and P.R. Dasen (Eds) Culture and Cognition: Readings in cross-Cultural psychology. London: Methuen (1974).
Flavell J.H. and Wohlwill J.F., "Formal and fonctional aspects of cognitive development". In D. Elkind and J.H. Flavell (Eds), Studies in cognitive development, New-York: Oxford University Press (1969).
Sameroff Arnold J., "Developmental Systems: Contexts and Evolution", in P.H. Mussen (ed) Handbook of Child Psychology, Wiley, (1983), pp. 237-294.
Gesell A., & Armatruda C.S., "Developmental diagnosis" (2nd ed). New York : Hoeber (1947).
Geber M., "Le development psychomoteur de l’enfant Africain". Courrier, (1956), pp.17-29.
Geber M., "L’enfant Africain occidentalisé et de niveau social superieur en Ouganda". Courrier, (1958) ,pp. 517-523.
Geber M., "La recherche sur le development psychomoteur et mental a Kampala". Compte-rendu de la XIIe Réunion des Equipes chargées des Etudes sur la croissance et le development de l’enfant normal. Paris : Centre International de l’Enfant (1974).
Geber M. & Dean R.F.A., "Gesell tests on Africain children". Pediatrics, 20, (1957), pp. 1055-1065.
Geber M. & Dean R.F.A., "Psychomotor developement in African children : the effects of proved test"s. Bulletin of World Health Organisation, 18, (1958), pp. 471-478.
Wober M., "Psychology in Africa". London: International African Institute (1975).
Super CM., "Behavioral Development in Infancy". In R.H. Munroce, R.L.Munroe, B.B. & Whiting (Eds) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Human Development. New-york : Garland STPM Press (1981).
Super C.M., "Environmental effects on motor development : the case of « African infant precocity »". Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 18, (1976), pp. 561-567.
Super C.M. & Harkness S., "The infant’s niche in rural Kenya and Metropolitan America". In L.L. Adler (Ed) Issues in Cross-Cultural Research. New York : Academic Press (1980).
Leiderman P.H., Babu B., Kagia J., Kraemer H.C., & Leiderman G.F., "African Infant precocity and some social influences during the first year". Nature, 242, (1973), pp. 247-249.
Kilbride J.E. & Kilbride P.L., "Sitting and smiling behavior in Baganda infants : the influence of culturally constituted experiences". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 6, (1975), pp. 88-106.
Leiderman P.H., Tulkin S.R. and Rosenfeld A., (Eds) "Culture and Infancy: Variations in the human experience". New York: Academic Press, (1977), p. 6.
Hofstaetler P.R., "The changing compositionof 'intelligence'. A study in T technique", Journal of Genetic Psychology, 85 (1954), pp. 159-164.
Crano W.D., "What do infant mental tests test ? A cross-lagged panel analysis of selected data from the Berkeley Growth Study". Child Development, 48, (1977), pp. 144-151.
Stott L., Ball R.S., "Infant and preschool mental tests : Review and evaluation". Monograph of Society for Research in Child Development, (1965), 30 (3, serial N° 101).
Mc Call R.B., Hogarty P.S., & Hurlburt N., "Transitions in infant sensori-motor and the prediction of childhood I. Q". American Psychologist, 27, (1972), pp. 728-748.
Leslie A.M., "Pretense and Representation : the origins of " theory of mind" ", Psychological Rewiew, 94, (1987), pp. 412-426.
Leslie A.M., "Pretense, autism and the basis of "theory of mind" ", The Psychologist, Vol.3, N°3, March (1990).
Escalona S.K., Corman H.H., "Albert Einstein Scales of Sensorimotor Development". New York : Albert Einstein School of Medicine (1967).
Corman H.H., & Escalona S.K., "Stages of sensorimotor developement : A replication study". Merril-Palmer Quarterly, 15, (1969), pp. 351-362.
Casati I et Lezine I. " Les étapes de l'intelligence sensori-motrice manuel", Centre de Psychologie Appliquée, Paris (1968).
Uzgiris I.C. & Hunt J. McV., 'Assessment in Infancy : ordinal scales of psychological development. Urbana", Ill : university of Illinois Press (1975).
Dasen P.R., Inhelder B., Lavallée M. & Reschizki J., "Naissance de l’intelligence chez l’enfant Baoulé de Côte d’Ivoire", Berne : Hans Huber (1978).
Lezine I., Stambak M., & Casati I., "Les étapes de l’intelligence sensori-motrice". Paris : Centre de Psychologie Appliquée (1969).
Konner M.J., "Infancy among Kalahari Desert San". In P.H. Leiderman, S.R. Tulkin & A Rosenfeld (Eds), Culture and Infancy : variations in the human experience. New York : Academic Press (1977).
Konner M.J., "Maternal care, infant behavior and development among the Kung". In R. Lee & I.Devore (Eds). Kalahari hunter-gatherers. Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press (1976).
Kopp C.B., Khoka E. & Sigman M.A., "Comparison of sensori-motor development among infants in India and the United states". Journal of Cross-Cultural psychology, 8, (1977), pp. 435-452.
Goldberg S., "Infant care and growth in Urban Zambia". Human Development, 15, (1972), pp. 77-89.
Goldberg S., "Infant development and mother-infant interaction in Urban Zambia". In P.H. Leidermann, S.R. Tulkin, & A. Rosenfeld (Eds). Culture and Infancy: Variations in the human experience. New York : Academic Press, (1977).
Valentin S., "Le developpement de la fonction manipulatoire chez l’enfant Sénégalais au cours de ses deux premières années de la vie".Unpublished doctoral thesis, Université de Paris (1970).
Valentin S., "Problems raised by observations of children in various cultural environments". Early Child Development and Care, 2, (1973), pp. 276-289.
Zempleni-Rabain J., "L’enfant Wolof, de 2 à 5 ans (Senegal). Echanges corporels et échanges médiatisées par les objects". Revue de Neuropsychiatrie Infantile et d’Hygiène Mentale de l’Enfance, 18, (1970), pp. 785-798.
Hunt J. McV., Mohandessi K., Ghodssi M. & Akiyama M., "The pschological development of orphanage reared infants : Intervertions with outcomes (Tehran)". Genetic Psychology Monographs, 94, (1976), pp. 197-226.
Paraskevopoulos J., Hunt J. McV., "Object construction and initation under differing conditions of rearing". Journal of Genetic Psychology,119, (1971), pp. 301-321.
Kagan J., Kearsley R.B., & Zelazo P.R., "Infancy : its place in Human Development Cambridge", Mass : Harvard University Press, (1980) (1st. 1978).
Baillarjon R., "Object permanence in 3½ and 4½ month old infants", Developmental Psychology, 23, (1987), pp. 655-667.
Kagan J., "Do infants thinks?", Scientific American, 226, (1972), pp. 74-83.
Finley G.E., Kagan J.R. & Layne O. Jr., "Developement of young children attention to normal and distorted stimuli: a cross-cultural study". Developmental Psychology, 6, (1972), pp. 288-292.
Sellers M.J., Klein R., Kagan J., Minton C., "Developmental determinants of attention: a cross-cultural replication". Developmental Psychology, 6, (1972), p. 185.
Super C.M., Cross-Cultural research on Infancy". In Harry C. Triendis and John W. Berry (Eds). Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. III, Developmental Psychology. Allyn and Bacon, Inc, (1980).
Dasen P.R., "Concrete operational development in three culture", Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 6(2), (1975), pp. 156-172.
Inhelder B., Lézine I., Sinclair H. et Stambak M., "Les débuts de la fonction symbolique", Archive de Psychologie, 51(163), (1972), pp. 187-243.
Greenfield P.M., "Cross-cultural research and Piagetian theory : Paradox and Progress". In K. F. Riegal & J.A. Meacham (Eds), The developing individual in a changing world. Vol I : Historical and Cultural issues.Chicago: Adline (1976).
Tulkin S.R., "Dimensions of Multicural", Research in Infancy and Early childhood. In P.H. Leiderman, S.R. Tulkin, & A. Rosenfled (Eds) Culture and Infancy : variations in the human experience. New York : Academic Press, (1977).
Nyiti R.M., "The Validity of Cultural Differences Explamations for Cross-Cultural Variations in the Rate of Piagetian Cognitive Development". In D.A. Wagner and H.W. Stevenson (Eds). Cultural Perpectives on Child Development. Freeman and Company (1982).
Kamara A.I., & Easly J.A. Jr., "Is the rate of cognitive development uniform across cultures ? A methodological critic with new evidence from Themne children". In P.R. Dasen (Ed), Piagetian Psychology: Cross-cultural contributios. New York : Gardner Press; Inc. (1977).
Kiminyo D.M., "A cross-Cultural study of the development of conservation of mass, weight, and volume among Kamba children". is P.R. Dasen (Ed) Piagetian psychology : cross-cultural constributions. New York : Gardner Press, Inc. (1977).
Nyiti R., "The Development of conservation in the Meru children of Tanzania". Child Development, 47, (1976), pp. 1122-1129.
Cole M., Gay J., Glick J.A., Sharp D.W., "The cultual context of learning and thinking". London : Methuen & Co Ltd (1971).
Laboratory of Comparative Humar Cognition, Culture and Intelligence In R.J. Sternberg, Handbook of Human Intelligence. Cambridge University Press, (1982).
Yarrow L.J., Pedersen F.A., Rubeinstein J., "Mother-Infant interaction and Developnment in Infancy", in P.H. Leiderman, S.R. Tulkin A. Rosenfeld (Eds). Culture and Infancy : variations in the human experience.NewYork : Academic Press, (1977), p.561.
