Cross – Cultural Pragmatic Failure
الملخص
Successful communication in a second language needs both, the linguistic and the pragmatic competences of that language. But the common mistake second language learners make is that they rely more on linguistic knowledge rather than communication. As a result, they become linguistically competent but pragmatically incompetent, and still make mistakes in their communication with native speakers. These mistakes lead to “cross-cultural pragmatic failure”. Hence, this paper will deal with the problem of “cross-cultural pragmatic failure”. It aims at highlighting the importance of improving the pragmatic and communicative competence of second language learners through analyzing the sources of pragmatic failure and developing the awareness of cross-cultural pragmatics.التنزيلات
المراجع
- Amaya, L. F. (2008). Teaching culture: Is it possible to avoid pragmatic failure?RevistaAlicantina de EstudiosIngleses, 2, 11-24.
- Baker, M. (2001).In other words: A course book on translation. London: Routledge
- Barron, A. (2003). Acquisition in interlanguage pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins B.V.
- Charlebois, J. (2003). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure and language teaching.JALT Hokkaido Journal, 7, 35-43.
- Cutting, J. (2005).Pragmatic and discourse: A resource book for students. London: Routledge.
- Erton, I. (2007).Applied pragmatics and competence relations in language learning and teaching.Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 3(1), 59-71.
- He Ziran.(1988). A Survey of Pragmatics. Changsha: Hunan Education Press.
- House, J. (2008). Intercultural language use and language learning. Spain: Springer.
- Kasper, G. (1992). Pragmatic Transfer, Second Language Research 8:3, 203- 231.
- Kasper, G. (1998). Interlanguage pragmatics. In H. Byrnes (Ed.), Learning foreign and second languages: Perspectives in research and scholarship (pp. 183- 208). New York: The Modern Language Association of America.
- Leech, G. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.
- Kasper, G., (1981): PragmatischeAspecte in der interinsprache. Tubinger: Narr.
- Möllering, M. (2004).The acquisition of German modal particles: A corpus based approach. Germany: Peter Lang AG.
- Nelson, G. L., Carson, J., AlBatal, M., & El Bakary, W. (2002). Cross-cultural pragmatics: Strategy use in Egyptian Arabic and American English refusals. Applied Linguistics, 23, 163-189.
- Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. (2002). Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics (3rd ed.). London: Longman.
- Riley, P. (1989). Well don't blame me! - On the interpretation of pragmatic errors. In W. Oleksy (Ed.), Contrastive pragmatics (pp. 231-249). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
- Salmani-Nodoushan, M. A. (2006). A sociopragmatic comparative study of ostensible invitations in English and Farsi.(Unpublished M.A. thesis). University of Isfahan, India.
- Tannen, D. (1984). The Pragmatics of Cross-Cultural Communication.Applied Linguistics,53,189-195.
- Thomas, J. (1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure.Applied Linguistics, 4, 91-112.
- Wannaruk, A. (2008). Pragmatic transfer in Thai EFL refusals.RELC Journal, 39, 318-337. Doi: 10.1177/0033688208096844
- Yueke, M. (n.d.).The Development of pragmatic and communicative competence of non-English major postgraduates.Zhengzhou University.